Course Descriptions

PAR 102 - Civil Litigation Procedures I

1. Describe the sources of law, hierarchy and powers of the courts in the State and Federal systems.
2. Demonstrate application of the Rules of Civil Procedure.
3. Analyze factual situations and apply subject matter jurisdiction statutes to the facts to determine the proper courts.
4. Determine the substantive basis for personal jurisdiction and apply a working knowledge of proper methods of service of process.
5. Analyze factual situations and apply venue statutes to the facts to determine proper venue.
6. Demonstrate proper computation of time requirements under rules and statutes.
7. Describe the procedures required to format and file pleadings.
8. Analyze plaintiffs’ facts and legal issues to draft a complaint.
9. Analyze defendants’ facts and legal issues to draft an answer.
10. Describe and demonstrate the format and purpose of pleadings to commence civil litigation (complaint, answer, cross claim, counterclaim, and third party pleadings).
11. Describe elements of the cause of action and various defenses for breach of contract.
12. Describe elements of the cause of action and various defenses for torts.

PAR 104 - Paralegal Ethics

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Rules and principles of professional responsibility in the legal field. Includes sources of the rules of legal ethics, ethical guidelines and attorney supervision of paralegals, unauthorized practice of law, confidentiality, conflicts of interest, advertising and solicitation, attorney’s fees and fiduciary duties, competence, malpractice, ethical conduct issues in litigation, and professional integrity issues.

Prerequisite(s): PAR 105  or concurrent enrollment.
Information: Prerequisite may be waived if employed in a legal-related field, or if pursuing a post-degree certificate; see a PAR advisor or course instructor.
  

1. Describe the sources of the rules of legal ethics.
2. Examine the ethical guidelines and attorney supervision of paralegals.
3. Explain how a paralegal can avoid unauthorized Practice of Law (UPL).
4. Define the principle of confidentiality and explain its application to the paralegal.
5. List the types of conflicts of interest in the law practice.
6. Describe permissible methods of advertising in the legal field.
7. Identify types of fee arrangements and describe fiduciary duties of a law practice.
8. Explain factors affecting paralegal competency.
9. Describe the factors which could contribute to malpractice.
10. Explain how a paralegal can contribute to and enhance professionalism in the legal field.

1. Conflicts of Interest
   1. Acceptance of representation of clients
   2. Client and client
   3. Prohibited transactions
   4. Former clients
   5. Disqualifications- attorney and paralegal prior employment
2. Advertising and Solicitation
   1. Information about legal services
   2. Bates vs. State Bar of Arizona
   3. Claims of competence and expertise
   4. Direct contact with prospective clients
   5. Firm names and letterhead
3. Attorneys’ Fees and Fiduciary Duties
   1. “Reasonable” fees defined
   2. Fee arrangement types
   3. Fee-splitting and referrals
   4. Client funds
   5. Other client assets and documents
   6. Fee recovery - lawyers and paralegals
4. Competence
   1. Education - lawyers and paralegals
   2. Community competency standards - lawyers and paralegals
   3. Sanctions for incompetency
5. Malpractice
   1. Definition
   2. Remedies
6. Ethical Conduct Issues in Litigation
   1. Meritorious claims or defenses
   2. Transactions with persons other than clients - including opposing parties and unrepresented parties
   3. Expediting litigation
   4. Discovery abuse
   5. Courtroom conduct
7. Professional Integrity Issues
   1. Licensing and certification
   2. Continuing legal education
   3. Reporting professional misconduct
   4. Pro-bono work
   5. Public service

PAR 105 - Legal Research

4 Credits, 4 Contact Hours
4 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Principles and techniques of legal research. Includes categories of research materials, citing legal material, finding and using primary and secondary authority, finding tools, Shepards and Keycite Citators, analyzing research problems, using public information websites, preparing research reports, and integration of computer assisted and traditional methods research. 

Prerequisite(s): PAR 101  and WRT 102 .
Information: Prerequisites may be waived if employed in a legal-related field, or if pursuing a post-degree certificate; see a PAR advisor or course instructor.
  

1. Discuss the fundamental concepts of legal research and explain the purpose of legal research.
2. Discuss primary sources and secondary sources of the law, how these sources are created, appropriate use in legal research and writing, and the appropriate hierarchy among these sources.
3. Discuss and apply the techniques and approaches to locating and citing primary and secondary sources in online databases.
4. Understand legal citator services such as Keycite and Shepard’s and explain their use, purpose, and importance.
5. Discuss and apply the techniques and approaches to factual and legal analysis.
6. Integrate the traditional methods of research with computer-assisted methods.
7. Demonstrate the ability to construct natural language and terms and connectors searches in online legal databases.
8. Demonstrate the ability to conduct legal research using public information websites.
9. Demonstrate how to evaluate and synthesize case law interpretation of statutes, regulations, and court rules.

A. Legal research and the practice of law

B. Reasons for learning research

C. Law library

II. Primary and secondary sources of the law

A. Primary sources of law including federal and state constitutions, statutes, regulations and case law.

B. Primary sources: creation, location, and use.

C. Secondary sources of law including Dictionaries, Thesauri, Encyclopedias, Treatises, Legal periodicals, Annotations, Restatements and Miscellaneous sources.

D. Secondary sources: creation, location, and use.

E. Hierarchy among these sources.

III. Full Text System:

A. Searching primary materials

B. Searching secondary materials

C. Uniform system of citation

D. How to cite primary sources

E. How to cite secondary sources

IV. “Shepards” and Keycite Citators

A. Reading citation lists

B. Updating procedure

C. Using for primary law

D. Using for secondary sources

V. Factual and Legal Analysis of Research Problems

A. Techniques of factual analysis

B. Techniques of legal analysis

VI.Historical Development

A. Computer-assisted methods of research

B. Traditional methods of research

C. Integration of computer-assisted and traditional methods of research

VII. Search Techniques and Display Elements

A. Elements of a search

B. Putting elements together to form a query

C. Hands-on basics

D. Viewing and browsing search results.

VIII. Demonstrate the ability to conduct legal research using public information websites

A. Search engines and websites

B. Search techniques

IV. Demonstrate how to evaluate case law interpretation of statutes, regulations, and court rules

A. Research problem requiring use of secondary authority and research report

B. Research problem requiring use of case law and research report

C. Research problem requiring use of multiple sources and memorandum

PAR 106 - Civil and Criminal Evidence

1. Define the role of the paralegal in gathering, preserving, and organizing evidence.
2. Describe relevant evidence.
3. Compare and contrast privilege in Arizona state court with the federal court.
4. Identify a competent witness.
5. Define and give examples of lay and expert opinion testimony.
6. Explain the importance of recognizing hearsay testimony and identify when exceptions can apply.
7. Compare and contrast authentication of a document by witnesses and self-authentication.
8. Explain the rules regarding contents of writings, recordings, and photographs.

1. Introduction to Evidence
   1. Definition of evidence
   2. Role of the paralegal in gathering, preserving and organizing evidence
   3. Judicial notice
   4. Chain of custody
2. Relevancy and its Limits
   1. Definition
   2. Admissibility
   3. Exclusion
   4. Examine and apply rules of evidence regarding relevancy
   5. Role of the paralegal
3. Privileges
   1. Federal general rule
   2. Arizona state rules
4. Use, Impeachment, and Exclusion of Witnesses
   1. Mode and order of interrogation and presentation
   2. Impeachment
   3. Examine and apply rules of evidence regarding witnesses
   4. Exclusion of witnesses
   5. Role of paralegal with witnesses
5. Opinion and Expert Testimony
   1. Opinions by lay witnesses
   2. Expert testimony
   3. Examine and apply rules of evidence regarding opinion and expert testimony
   4. Role of paralegal with expert witnesses
6. Hearsay
   1. Examine and apply hearsay rule
   2. Exceptions to hearsay rule
   3. Paralegals use of hearsay rule in taking witness statements
7. Authentication
   1. Examine and apply rules of evidence regarding authentication
   2. Self-authentication
8. Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs
   1. Public records
   2. Summaries
   3. Examine and apply rules of evidence regarding contents of writings, recordings, and photographs

PAR 202 - Civil Litigation Procedures II

1. Draft appropriate discovery documents including interrogatories and answers to interrogatories, requests for production, requests for admissions, deposition notices including depositions duces tecum and 30 (b) (6) deposition notices, deposition summaries and prepare a disclosure statement.
2. Demonstrate application of the federal rules of civil procedure and the Arizona rules of civil procedure, including all applicable local rules.
3. Demonstrate file organization and document control techniques.
4. Draft various pretrial motions including motions to compel and motions in limine.
5. Demonstrate application of the rules of evidence in civil cases with special emphasis on the collecting, organizing, and trial preparation of tangible evidence.
6. Describe the legal assistant’s role and responsibilities in witness preparation, including expert witnesses.
7. Draft pretrial documents including a pretrial order/statement.
8. Draft a demand settlement letter and describe the alternative dispute resolution methods of mediation and arbitration.
9. Describe and demonstrate the legal assistant’s role at trial.
10. Describe post-trial and appellate procedures.

1. Discovery/Disclosure Procedures in Federal Court
   1. Rule 26
   2. Depositions
   3. Interrogatories
   4. Requests for production
   5. Requests for admissions
   6. Independent medical examinations
2. Discovery/Disclosure Procedure in Arizona Superior Court
   1. Rule 26.1
   2. Discovery under the Arizona rules
3. File Organization and Document Control
   1. Case file management
   2. Docketing
   3. Document control - manual and computer
4. Pretrial Motions
   1. Motions to compel
   2. Motions to dismiss
   3. Motions for judgment on the pleadings
   4. Motions for summary judgment
   5. Motions in limine
5. Gathering and Organizing Evidence
   1. Rules of evidence in civil cases
   2. Gathering of tangible evidence
   3. Preparation of exhibits
   4. Authenticity and foundation
6. Preparation of Witnesses
   1. Expert witnesses - locating, selection, “care and feeding,” basis for expert opinion
   2. Lay witnesses - locating, interviewing, statements
   3. Your client - working with client in discovery and preparation of client for trial
   4. Correspondence to client/opposing attorney
7. Pretrial Proceedings
   1. Differences between the Federal rules and Arizona rules
   2. How to get a trial date
   3. Jury v. non-jury trial
   4. Preparation of pretrial order/statement
8. Alternative Dispute Resolutions
   1. Settlement
   2. Settlement conferences
   3. Demand letters
   4. Mediation
   5. Arbitration
9. Trial Procedures
   1. Jury selection
   2. Observation of jury during trial
   3. Working with the courtroom personnel
   4. Courtroom demeanor
   5. Trial notebooks
   6. Note taking
   7. Daily trial recapitulation
   8. Exhibits
   9. Witnesses
10. Post-Trial and Appellate Procedures
    1. Trial and post-trial motions
    2. Entry of judgment
    3. Fees and costs
    4. Notice of appeal
    5. Appellate procedure
    6. Preparing the appellate brief

PAR 203 - Tort Law Procedures

1. Define a tort and distinguish between a tort and a crime as well as a tort and a breach of contract.
2. Analyze and describe the procedural steps involved in tort litigation.
3. Read, brief and analyze tort case law.
4. Interview clients/witnesses and gather facts.
5. Describe the elements of a negligence cause of action and analyze potential defenses.
6. Identify the elements of various intentional and unintentional torts.
7. Identify professional negligence claims and recognize potential defenses.
8. Describe strict liability and discuss examples.
9. Differentiate between negligence, warranty and strict liability causes of action in product liability cases.
10. Identify circumstances of vicarious liability.
11. Identify various types of insurance coverage.

1. Introduction
   1. History of tort law
   2. Classification of torts
   3. Relationship between torts and other areas of law
2. Tort Litigation Procedures
   1. Complaint and answer
   2. Discovery and pre-trial procedures
   3. Trial and post-trial procedures
   4. Case management
3. Tort Case Law
   1. Briefing cases
   2. Issue/rule/application/conclusion/method of legal analysis
4. Interviewing and Investigation
   1. Gathering facts
   2. Client interviews
   3. Witness interviews
5. Negligence
   1. Elements of cause of action
   2. Categories of damages
   3. Potential defenses
6. Other Torts
   1. Defamation, libel and slander
   2. Intentional torts against persons
   3. Intentional torts against property
   4. Misrepresentation
   5. Nuisance
   6. Invasion of privacy
7. Professional Negligence
   1. Medical malpractice
      1. Informed consent
      2. Reasonable care
      3. Medical records/terms
   2. Expert witness
   3. Other types of professional negligence
8. Strict Liability
   1. Overview of abnormally dangerous activities
   2. Limitations
9. Product Liability Actions
   1. Breach of contract/warranty
   2. Negligence
   3. Strict liability in tort
10. Liability Issues
    1. Vicarious liability
    2. Joint and several liability
    3. Indemnification
11. Insurance Coverage
    1. Types of insurance
    2. Insurance company defenses
    3. Automobile insurance

PAR 204 - Wills, Trusts, and Estates

1. Describe the relationship of wills, trusts and estates to a person’s death and the procedures in wills, trusts and estate administration that can be delegated to a paralegal.
2. Discuss the effect of Arizona statutes, rules and laws on wills, trusts and estate administration.
3. Classify probate and non-probate property.
4. Discuss testacy and explain the ramifications of dying intestate.
5. Identify what constitutes a valid will and draft provisions and clauses in a will.
6. Discuss will related documents and explain their purpose.
7. Identify various types of trusts and explain how they are constructed, administered and terminated.
8. Explain probate administration and related legal actions.

1. Introduction to Wills, Trusts, and Estates
   1. Life and death
   2. Concept of an estate
   3. Purpose and need for a will
   4. Paralegal’s Role and Responsibilities
2. Arizona Statutes and Rules
   1. Wills
   2. Trust
   3. Estates
3. Probate and Non-Probate Property
   1. Classification and definition
   2. Forms of property and ownership
   3. Probate versus non-probate
4. Testate or Intestate Succession
   1. Types of dispositions
   2. Methods of distribution and Per Stirpes v. Per Capita
   3. Dying intestate
   4. Relationship of the heir to the decedent
   5. Escheat
   6. Other family rights
   7. Other issues affecting distribution of the estate
5. Will Drafting and Execution
   1. Validity and statutory requirements
   2. Elements
   3. Changing or revoking
   4. Contests
   5. Preparation and drafting
   6. Execution
6. Will Related Documents and Advance Directives
   1. History of the right to die
   2. Validity and statutory requirements
   3. Living wills and Do Not Resuscitate Orders
   4. Durable Powers of Attorney (financial and medical)
   5. Anatomical gifts
   6. Funeral arrangements
7. Trusts
   1. Validity and statutory requirements
   2. Elements
   3. Classifications
   4. Changing or terminating
   5. Preparation and drafting
   6. Pour-over-wills
   7. Specialized trusts
8. Estate Administration and Related Actions
   1. Preliminary duties of the law office
   2. Small estate administration
   3. Probate Court and uniform laws
   4. Personal representative powers and duties
   5. Informal, formal, and ancillary probate administration
   6. Tax considerations

PAR 206 - Criminal Law and Procedures I

1. Apply the rules of criminal procedure up to trial.
2. Explain the initial criminal law process, including arrest, initial appearance, the setting of bail/bond, summons, Grand Jury, and plea bargaining.
3. Explain pre-trial investigation discovery procedures, including the disclosure of evidence.
4. Apply case law regarding important criminal and constitutional issues.
5. Apply criminal statutes generally, and Arizona criminal statutes specifically, and identify the elements of these offenses.
6. Explain the purpose of pretrial motions including motions to dismiss, motions regarding probable cause, and motions to suppress.

1. Rules of Criminal Procedure
   1. Preliminal proceedings
   2. Rights of parties
   3. Pre-trial procedures
   4. Pleas of guilty and no contest
2. Initial Criminal Law Process
   1. Arrest
   2. Initial appearance
   3. Bail, bond and conditions of release
   4. Grand Jury and preliminary hearings
   5. Plea bargaining
3. Pretrial Investigation and Discovery
   1. Investigation by the government
   2. Investigation by the defense
   3. Disclosure by the government
   4. Disclosure by the defense
   5. Conduct witness interviews
4. Criminal and Constitutional Law Cases
   1. Search and seizure case law
   2. Arrest and interrogation case law
   3. Eyewitness and scientific identification case law
5. Criminal Statutes
   1. General principles and categories
   2. Arizona statutes
6. Pretrial Motion Practice
   1. Motions to dismiss
   2. Motions regarding probable cause
   3. Motions to suppress
   4. Motions in limine

PAR 207 - Criminal Law and Procedures II

1. Apply the rules of criminal procedure from trial through appeal and other post-conviction relief.
2. Explain the trial rights of defendants.
3. Explain the trial procedure from voire dire through closing arguments.
4. Prepare a case for trial, including ordering and gathering physical and documentary evidence, subpoenaing witnesses, interviewing witnesses, preparing a case summary, preparing jury instructions, and completing a trial notebook.
5. Describe the purposes of and methods used for direct and cross examination of witnesses, including expert witnesses.
6. Explain evidentiary objections.
7. Explain the purpose of motions for the close of evidence including motions for new trial, post-conviction relief, and notice of appeal.
8. Describe sentencing procedures, probation, and parole.

1. Rules of Criminal Procedure
   1. Trial
   2. Post-verdict proceedings
   3. Appeal and other post-conviction relief
2. Trial Rights of Defendants
   1. Right to jury trial
   2. Right to confrontation
   3. Right to counsel
   4. Right speedy trial
   5. Double jeopardy
3. Trial Procedure
   1. Voir Dire
   2. Opening statements
   3. Prosecution’s case-in-chief
   4. Defense case
   5. Rebuttal and closing arguments
   6. Jury instructions, deliberation, and verdict
4. Case Preparation for Trial
   1. Ordering and obtaining physical and documentary evidence
   2. Subpoenaing witnesses from within the jurisdiction and outside the jurisdiction
   3. Interviewing witnesses
   4. Preparing a case summary
   5. Preparing jury instructions
   6. Organizing and completing a trial notebook
5. Direct and Cross Examination
   1. Direct and cross examination by the prosecution
   2. Direct and cross examination by the defense
   3. Direct and cross examination of expert witnesses
6. Evidentiary Objections
   1. Most common objections by the defense
   2. Most common objections by the prosecution
7. Motions for the Close of Evidence
   1. New trial
   2. Post-conviction relief
   3. Notice of appeal

PAR 208 - Domestic Relations and Family Law

1. Explain the role of the legal assistant in the area of family law, client confidences, secret, and work product.
2. Apply contract law to domestic relations and family law cases from premarital agreements to property settlement.
3. Apply the Arizona child support guidelines and calculate each party’s responsibility for the support of their children.
4. Prepare basic documents and describe the appropriate procedures to follow from the commencement of a dissolution action through granting of the final decree.
5. Describe the differences between mediation, arbitration, and the conciliation process.
6. Organize documents, set up a file and docketing system, and prepare a case for trial.

1. Basic Principles of Family Law
   1. Working in a family law practice
   2. Building a trust relationship with your client
   3. Ceremonial marriage
   4. Legal rights of women
   5. Community property law
   6. Domestic torts
2. Marital Contracts
   1. Antenuptial agreements
   2. Breach of promise
   3. Heart Balm Acts
   4. Property division and settlement agreements
   5. Tax considerations
3. Legal Issues in Family Law Affecting Children
   1. Legal rights of children
   2. Illegitimacy and paternity
   3. Surrogacy
   4. Child custody
   5. Child support and the uniform guidelines
4. Initiating a Divorce Proceeding
   1. Client intake and interview procedures
   2. Retainer agreements
   3. Jurisdiction, venue, and service requirements
   4. Drafting a petition for resolution and other documents
5. Contested Proceedings
   1. Annulment and legal separations
   2. Filing a response
   3. Role of the conciliation court
   4. Organizing discovery and file management
6. Assisting at a Dissolution Trial
   1. Pretrial statement and conference
   2. Inventory of property
   3. Spousal affidavits and spousal maintenance
   4. Preparation of witnesses and exhibits
   5. Drafting a decree, qualified domestic relations order’s (QDRO’s) and accompanying documents

PAR 209 - Bankruptcy Procedures

1. Discuss the organization of the bankruptcy code and rules.
2. Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court system and its role within the federal court system.
3. Describe the different relief available under the operative chapters of the Bankruptcy Code, together with who is eligible for relief there under, and the advantages and disadvantages under each chapter.
4. Describe an overview of basic terminology, process and procedures used in bankruptcy.
5. Describe the steps and draft the pleadings necessary to commence a bankruptcy case, including the petition, statement of affairs, and schedules.
6. Identify common actions taken by debtors, such as reaffirmations, adversary proceedings, and contested actions such as motions to dismiss or convert.
7. Identify common actions taken by creditors, such as proofs of claim, adversary proceedings such as complaints objecting to discharge, and contested actions such as motions for abandonment and stay relief.
8. Explain the types and priorities of claims, such as secured, unsecured (administrative, priority and non-priority), bifurcated, and equity security holder claims.
9. Explain Paralegals’ roles within the bankruptcy field of law.

1. Overview
   1. Historical development
   2. Fresh start for debtor
   3. Protection for creditors
2. Jurisdiction
   1. Bankruptcy act
   2. Bankruptcy code and amendments and bankruptcy rules
   3. Structure of bankruptcy court system, role in the federal court system and relationship to district court
   4. Appellate courts
3. Cast of characters and their Roles in Bankruptcy
   1. Debtor
      1. Definition; eligibility; capacity to file
      2. Protections afforded by bankruptcy
      3. Objectives
      4. Concept of discharge
      5. Priority of claims and distractions
      6. Petition, statement of affairs and schedules
   2. Creditor
      1. Definition
      2. Protections afforded by bankruptcy
      3. Objectives
   3. United States trustees and private trustee
   4. Bankruptcy judge and staff
   5. Office of the clerk of the bankruptcy court
4. Client interview, Evaluation of Options, Advising Client, and Drafting
   1. Debtor client
      1. Interviews
      2. Analysis - non-bankruptcy or bankruptcy
         1. Alternatives to bankruptcy
         2. Bankruptcy choices
         3. Dischargeability and liquidation issues
      3. Drafting pleadings to commence bankruptcy
   2. Creditor client
      1. Interviews
      2. Causes of distress
         1. Cash collateral
         2. Adequate protection
         3. Automatic stay
         4. Non-dischargeability issue
      3. Analysis
      4. Drafting proof of claim and application for abandonment
5. Chapter 7 Liquidation
   1. Filing of a petition and significance thereof
   2. Exemptions
   3. Chapter 7 trustee
   4. Order and notice of bankruptcy
   5. 341 meeting of creditors
   6. Discharge and reaffirmation
   7. Proofs of claim and interest
   8. Motions and complaints
   9. Distribution of property of the estate
6. Chapter 13 Adjustment of Debts of individuals
   1. Filing of a petition and significance thereof
   2. Chapter 13 trustee
   3. Chapter 13 plan
   4. Discharge
7. Chapter 12 Adjustments of Debts of Family Farmer
   1. Filing of a petition and significance thereof
   2. Chapter 12 trustee
   3. Chapter 12 plan
   4. Discharge
8. Chapter 11 Reorganization
   1. Filing of a petition and significance thereof
   2. Debtor in possession and appointment of Chapter 11 trustee
      1. Reporting requirements
      2. Employment and compensation of professionals
   3. Committees of unsecured creditors and equity security holders
   4. Disclosure statement
   5. Chapter 11 plan by debtor or by other parties in interest
   6. Discharge
9. Paralegals’ Roles
   1. Responsibilities to and communication with clients
   2. Attorney-legal assistance team in bankruptcy

PAR 211 - Legal Writing

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Principles and techniques of legal writing. Includes writing style, editing and proofreading, legal analysis, legal brief types, and applications of legal writing for memoranda, litigation documents, and correspondence.

Prerequisite(s): PAR 105 , PAR 202  and WRT 102 .

1. Describe types of legal documents and characteristics of the legal writing style.
2. Explain the structural components and process of legal writing.
3. Explain the process of editing and proofreading.
4. Summarize and give examples of the process of legal analysis.
5. Demonstrate the legal writing process by preparation of a variety of legal documents and correspondence.
6. Describe the legal assistant’s role in preparation of a legal brief.

1. Introduction to Legal Writing
   1. Types of legal documents
   2. Elements and characteristics of legal writing
   3. Differences between legal writing and other writing styles
   4. Role of the legal assistant in legal writing
   5. Review of legal research
2. Writing Style
   1. Structural components
      1. Sentence
      2. Paragraph
      3. Grammar
      4. Legal jargon
   2. Process
      1. Outline
      2. Draft
      3. Final form
3. Editing and Proofreading
   1. Content
   2. Structure, detail and style
4. Legal Analysis
   1. Case briefing
      1. Determining question of law addressed by the court
      2. Determining the facts upon which the court decision relied
      3. Determining the law upon which the court decision relied
   2. Applying the law to the facts to explain the court’s decision
   3. Analysis of statutes
      1. Defining the scope and applicability of a statute
      2. Applying the statute to the facts
   4. Synthesis of legal authority
5. Legal Writing Applications
   1. Writing memoranda
      1. Internal office memoranda
      2. External memoranda of points and authorities
   2. Litigation documents*
      1. Review of court rules
      2. Pleadings
         1. Claim documents
         2. Response documents
      3. Motions
   3. Correspondence
      1. Format
      2. Types
         1. Demand letter
         2. Transmittal letters
         3. Confirming letters
         4. Opinion letters
         5. Settlement letters
6. Legal Brief Types
   1. Form and content
   2. Role of the legal assistant
      1. Cite checking
      2. Proofreading
      3. Procedural formatting

*Discovery documents are taught in PAR 202.

PAR 212 - Law Office Computerization

1. Identify how computer technology is used in the legal environment including ethical considerations. 
2. Demonstrate applications of word processing functions in the legal environment.
3. Discuss applications of spreadsheet functions in the legal environment.
4. Discuss applications of database functions in the legal environment.
5. Identify various law office management applications such as timekeeping, billing, case management, and docket control.
6. Use litigation support system software such as retrieval and document abstracts.
7. Describe how to access court records and e-file documents.
8. Describe the automated courtroom and the usage of presentation graphics.
9. Describe availability of computer software in specialty areas of law.

1. Law Office Technology
   1. Overview of computer technology in the legal environment
   2. Legal ethics and computer technology
2. Word Processing Applications in the Legal Environment
   1. Word processing functions
   2. Ethical problems related to word processing
   3. Preparation of legal documents
3. Spreadsheet Utilization in the Legal Environment
   1. Spreadsheet functions
   2. Calculating damages
   3. Using spreadsheets to analyze financial data
4. Database Management Systems in the Legal Environment
   1. Database functions
   2. How to plan a legal database
   3. Sorting and retrieving information
   4. Preparing reports
5. Law Office Management Applications
   1. Legal timekeeping and client billing software
   2. Docket control software
   3. Case management functions
   4. Law office records management
6. Litigation Support Software
   1. Litigation support functions
   2. Document abstract functions
   3. Full-text retrieval functions and uses
7. Electronic Courthouse
   1. Accessing court records
   2. E-filing of documents
8. Automated Courtroom
   1. Presentation graphics software in the legal environment
   2. Evidence display systems
9. Specialized Legal Software
   1. Availability for specialty areas of law
   2. Purchasing considerations

PAR 215 - Corporate Law Procedures

1. Discuss the theory of agency and its effects on business entities.
2. Explain the structure of and the procedures required for formation of non-corporate entities.
3. Explain the structure of and the procedures required for formation of business corporations.
4. Describe the documentation required for corporate changes: meeting minutes, amending documents, filing, and publication requirements.
5. Explain the process for qualification of corporations in foreign jurisdictions, and the formation and maintenance differences between a profit and a non-profit corporation.
6. Explain the components of corporate capitalization and differentiate between equity and debt securities; between public and private corporations and SEC controls.
7. Describe the documentation required for corporation merger, share exchange, consolidation, winding up, and dissolution of a business corporation.
8. Explain the role and responsibilities of a paralegal in the preparation of documents necessary for incorporation or the organization of other business entities.

1. Introduction to Agency Law
   1. Fiduciary responsibility
   2. Statutory regulation
   3. Application to business
2. Non-corporate Entities
   1. Sole proprietorships and general partnerships
   2. Limited liability partnership and limited partnership
   3. Limited liability companies - theory and formation
   4. Limited liability companies - management, changes, and dissolution
3. Business Corporations
   1. Formation - articles of incorporation and bylaws
   2. Procedures
      1. Meeting procedures - minutes
      2. Resolutions
      3. Actions in lieu
      4. Annual reports
4. Corporation Changes
   1. Amendments
      1. Articles
      2. Bylaws
   2. State statutes that apply
   3. Application to do business in another state
5. Forms of Corporations
   1. Foreign corporations
   2. Non-profit corporations
   3. S-corporations
   4. Close corporations
6. Financing a Public or Private Corporation
   1. Stock subscriptions
   2. Shareholder agreements
   3. Stock restrictions/exchanges
   4. Federal controls – SEC regulations on stock
   5. Dividends and distributions
7. Changes in Corporate Structure
   1. Mergers
   2. Consolidations
   3. Share exchange
   4. Winding-up
8. Dissolution
   1. Public and Private corporate dissolution
   2. Procedures and reports
   3. Continuing education for change
   4. Available resources

PAR 217 - Real Estate Legal Procedures

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Legal procedures and requirements in real estate transactions and litigation. Includes real estate principles and legal concepts, recording and constructive notice, and real property taxes. Also includes an analysis of real estate contracts and purchase agreements, escrows and closings, deeds, co-ownership, legal descriptions, leases, encumbrances, liens, and foreclosures.

Prerequisite(s): PAR 101  
Information: Employment in a legal-related field or an Arizona Real Estate license may be substituted for PAR 101 . See a PAR Advisor or course instructor for prerequisite information.
  

1. Contrast the distinctions between real property, personal property and fixtures.
2. Examine records of the County Recorder, County Assessor, and County Treasurer.
3. Demonstrate the ability to review a title report and draft closing and settlement statements for seller and buyer.
4. Analyze the forms of co-ownership used in Arizona, including creating and breaking a joint tenancy.
5. Evaluate encumbrances on real property, including analysis of voluntary and involuntary liens.
6. Analyze procedures and prepare documents for judicial and non-judicial foreclosures.

1. Simulate a closing in classroom with review of all closing documents

1. Deeds
   1. Requirements for a valid deed
   2. Evaluate various types of deeds and their purposes
   3. Affidavit of Value
2. Co-Ownership
   1. Joint tenancy with right of survivorship
   2. Tenancy in common
   3. Community property
   4. Strawman conveyance procedure
3. Legal Descriptions
   1. Metes and bounds
   2. Government and rectangular survey
   3. Subdivision plat
   4. Preparation of diagrams
4. Leases
   1. Arizona landlord and tenant law
   2. Various types of leases
   3. Analysis of various clauses used in leases
5. Encumbrances and Liens
   1. Covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CCRs), easements, judgments
   2. Voluntary and involuntary liens
   3. Promissory notes and security devices
6. Foreclosures
   1. Pleadings and procedures used in judicial foreclosure
   2. Documents and procedures used in non-judicial foreclosure trustee’s sale
   3. Documents and procedures used in deed in lieu of foreclosure

PAR 218 - Administrative Law: Employment

1. Describe applicable employment laws and regulations.
2. Develop skills for preparation of forms and documents relating to employment law.

1. Overview of Employment Laws and Regulations
   1. Substantive - basic concepts and sources
   2. Procedural - agency requirements
   3. Hearing procedures and appeals
2. Practical Applications for Employment Law
   1. Factual investigation
   2. Analysis of issues
   3. Determination of applicable agency(s)
   4. Preparation of (study and draft) forms and documents

PAR 219 - Administrative Law: Immigration

1. Describe applicable immigration laws and regulations.
2. Develop skills for preparation of forms and documents relating to immigration law

1. Overview of Immigration Laws and Regulations
   1. Substantive - basic concepts and sources
   2. Procedural - agency requirements
   3. Hearing procedures and appeals
2. Practical Applications for Immigration Law
   1. Factual investigation
   2. Analysis of issues
   3. Determination of applicable agency(s)
   4. Preparation of (study and draft) forms and documents

PAR 220 - Administrative Law: Social Security

1. Describe applicable social security laws and regulations.
2. Develop skills for preparation of forms and documents relating to social security laws

1. Overview of Social Security Laws and Regulations
   1. Substantive - basic concepts and sources
   2. Procedural - agency requirements
   3. Hearing procedures and appeals
2. Practical Applications for Social Security Law
   1. Factual investigation
   2. Analysis of issues
   3. Preparation of (study and draft) forms and documents

PAR 290 - Paralegal Internship

4 Credits, 16 Contact Hours
1 lecture period 15 lab periods

Volunteer paralegal field experience at an approved work site. Includes communications, positive work attitudes, ethics, progress review, law office systems, professional development, employment strategies, and final evaluation within a classroom seminar setting.

Prerequisite(s): PAR 104 , PAR 202  and WRT 102 .
Information: Enrollment and placement contingent upon earned grade point average in PAR courses. Designed for students in their final semester of course work in the Paralegal Program. Six credit hours of PAR specialty electives from the following list must be taken - PAR 203 , PAR 204 , PAR 206 , PAR 207 , PAR 208 , PAR 209 , PAR 212 , PAR 215 , PAR 217 , PAR 218 , PAR 219 , PAR 220 . A minimum of 45 credit hours if completing the AAS Degree, or 27 credit hours in completing the certificate are required. Application and acceptance required.

1. Analyze communications within the law office and formulate paralegal communication goals.
2. Identify work related problems and develop solutions using positive work attitudes.
3. Evaluate ethical concerns and recommendations for action.
4. Assess internship progress and plan goals for completion of goals by semester’s end.
5. Contrast effectiveness of law office systems and procedures.
6. Identify and recommend opportunities for paralegal professional development.
7. Formulate plan for an employment search.
8. Review and evaluate internship job site performance.

FIELD EXPERIENCE

1. Prepare a resume for an entry level paralegal position.
2. Demonstrate successful job interview skills.
3. Demonstrate appropriate paralegal skills in a variety of tasks assigned while working under the supervision of an attorney.

1. Interpersonal Communication in the Legal Work World
   1. Teamwork building between attorneys, paralegals and staff
   2. Clear definition of goals for intern and supervisor
   3. Law office organizational structure
   4. Supervisor’s style - delegation, direction, and use of paralegal
2. Positive Work Attitudes
   1. Office politics and suggestions for improvement of working relationships
   2. Constructive solutions vs. griping
   3. How to’s for making a better impression
3. Paralegal Ethics
   1. Attorney supervision of work product
   2. Unauthorized practice of law
   3. Students concerns
4. Progress Review
   1. Review of learning journals to correlate goals and duties
   2. Establish goals for remainder of semester
5. Law Office Systems
   1. Practical investigation - court records, agencies, government
   2. File organization and records analysis
   3. Established procedures unique or common to various job sites
   4. Job site rules and regulations (dress code, working conditions)
6. Paralegal Professional Development
   1. Bridging the gap from student to professional
   2. Developing job advancement opportunities
7. Employment Strategies
   1. Resume update
   2. Cover letters
   3. Job search techniques
8. Final Evaluation
   1. Student review of performance
   2. Job-site supervisor review of student’s performance

FIELD EXPERIENCE

1. Resume Preparation
   1. Employment history
   2. Academic background
   3. Skill’s assessment
2. Employment Interview
   1. Prepare for and attend internship interview with prospective employer/ supervisor
   2. Preparation and submission of legal writing sample
3. Paralegal Field Experience
   1. Completion of required number of hours at an approved work site under the supervision of an attorney
   2. Draft pleadings and other legal documents
   3. Interview clients and witnesses
   4. Engage in factual research
   5. Engage in legal research
   6. Review and analyze records
   7. Organize client files
   8. Prepare law office correspondence
   9. Attend court or administrative proceedings and assist attorney

PHT 170 - Introduction to Pharmacy Technology

1. Discuss the history and structure of pharmacy operations.
2. Describe pharmacy practice settings.
3. Discuss legal and ethical confidentiality aspects of Pharmacy.
4. Discuss the role and necessary skills of pharmacy support personnel.
5. Demonstrate understanding of pharmaceutical payment mechanisms and the third party role.
6. Locate relevant pharmacy websites and reference materials.
7. Knowledge of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards and requirements.

1. Discuss the history and structure of pharmacy operations.
2. Describe pharmacy practice settings.
3. Discuss legal and ethical confidentiality aspects of Pharmacy.
4. Discuss the role of pharmacy support personnel.
5. Describe the job description and necessary skills of pharmacy support personnel.
6. Describe direct patient care delivery systems within the pharmacy environment.
7. Demonstrate understanding of the role of measurements and pharmacy calculations.
8. Identify routes of administration and dosage forms.
9. Identify pharmaceutical-medical terms, abbreviations and symbols commonly used in the prescribing, dispensing and documenting of medications in both institutional and community pharmacies.
10. Demonstrate understanding of pharmaceutical payment mechanisms and the third party role.
11. Demonstrate understanding of wellness promotion and disease prevention concepts, such as, use of health screenings, health practices and environmental factors that impact health; and adverse effects of alcohol, tobacco and legal and illegal drugs.
12. Locate relevant pharmacy websites and reference materials.
13. Express the importance of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards and requirements.
14. Make an informed decision concerning Pharmacy Technology as a career.

1. History and Structure of Pharmacy
2. Pharmacy Practice Settings
3. Legal, Ethical, and Confidentiality Issues in Pharmacy
4. Role of Pharmacy Support Personnel
5. Job Description and Skills of Pharmacy Support Personnel
6. Direct Patient Care Delivery Systems for Pharmacy
7. Basic Pharmaceutical Operations
   1. Compounding
   2. Measuring
   3. Calculations
8. Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration
9. Medical Terminology and Abbreviations in Pharmacy
   1. Common medical roots, prefixes and suffixes
   2. Common symbols
   3. Abbreviations
10. Third Party Payment System
11. Wellness Promotion and Disease Prevention
    1. Health Fairs, Brochures, and Education
12. Drug and Alcohol Effects
    1. Importance of Proper Drinking Levels
    2. Body System Effects
13. Sources of Pharmacy Information: Reference Books, Handbooks, Websites
14. American Society of Health-System Pharmacist (ASHP) Accreditation Standards and Requirements

PHT 171IN - Pharmaceutical Calculations

1. Use fundamental calculations of fractions, decimals, percentages, ratios, and proportions.
2. Convert between systems of metric, apothecary, and avoirdupois.
3. Interpret prescriptions or medication orders, and perform mathematical calculations and conversions required, correctly.
4. Calculate drug dosages involving oral, parenteral admixtures, pediatric, units and body surface area medications.
5. Reduce or enlarge formulas to meet specific requirements of prescription or medication orders.
6. Perform calculations necessary involving various solutions and alligations.
7. Accurately calculate business math calculations in relation to pharmacy operations.

1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals of Mathematical Calculations
   1. Fractions
   2. Decimals
   3. Percentages
   4. Ratios
   5. Proportions
   6. Roman numerals
3. Units and Measures for the Calculation of Drug Dosages
   1. Apothecary measurements
      1. Fluid measure
      2. Weight measure
      3. Fundamental computations
   2. Avoirdupois measurements (household measures)
      1. Fluid measure
      2. Weight measure
      3. Fundamental computations
   3. Metric measurements
      1. Measure of length
      2. Measure of volume
      3. Measure of weight
      4. Fundamental computations
   4. Equivalents between apothecary, avoirdupois, and metric measurements
      1. Conversion of linear quantities
      2. Conversion of liquid quantities
      3. Conversion of weights
      4. Fundamental computations
4. Interpretation of the Prescription or Medication Order
   1. Definition of prescription
   2. Prescription in the Apothecaries’ system
   3. Prescription in the Metric system
   4. Prescription directions to pharmacist
   5. Prescription directions to patient
   6. Medication orders
   7. Abbreviations commonly used in prescriptions and medication orders
5. Calculation of Drug Dosages
   1. Oral dosages
      1. Dosages involving tablets and capsules
      2. Dosages involving liquids
      3. Dosages involving milliequivalents
   2. Parenteral admixtures
      1. Additives
      2. Hyperalimentation solutions
      3. Therapeutic parenteral nutrition
      4. Rate of flow of intravenous fluids
   3. Pediatric doses
      1. Dosage by weight
      2. Dosage by age
   4. Nomogram for determining body surface area
      1. Adults
      2. Children
   5. Dosage measured in units
      1. Oral medications
      2. Parenteral medications
      3. Insulin
         1. Low-dose
         2. Regular
         3. U-100
6. Reducing and Enlarging Formulas
   1. Formulas that specify amounts of ingredients
   2. Formulas that specify proportional parts
7. Percentage Preparations
   1. Percentage weight-in-volume
   2. Percentage volume-in-volume
   3. Percentage weight-in-weight
   4. Ratio strength
8. Dilution and Concentration
   1. Dilution and concentration of liquids
   2. Stock solutions
   3. Dilution of alcohols
   4. Dilution of acids
   5. Dilution and concentration of solids 
9. Isotonic Solutions
10. Electrolyte Solutions

PHT 172 - Drug Therapy I

4 Credits, 4 Contact Hours
4 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Overview of the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS), the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and pharmaceutical therapy. Includes anatomy and physiology of the CNS, neurotransmission and disorders of the CNS, therapeutic applications of drugs affecting the CNS, and characteristics of drugs of the CNS. Also includes anatomy and physiology of the ANS, drug action on ANS neurotransmission, disorders treated with autonomic drugs, and types and characteristics of autonomic drugs.

Prerequisite(s): REA 091  or assessment into REA 112  and WRT 090  or assessment into WRT 101 , and PHT 170  or concurrent enrollment.

1. Identify characteristics of the anatomy and physiology of the Central Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
2. Identify the disorders and disease states of the Central Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
3. Describe nerve impulse transmission in the Central Nervous System.
4. Describe cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmission in the Autonomic Nervous System.
5. Identify drugs needed to treat specific disorders in the Central Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
6. List specific characteristics of each drug, including the following: indications for use; dosage form(s); usual dosage; side effects and toxicity; interaction with other drugs; storage requirements; special preparation procedures; generic/trade names; and mechanism of action.

1. Introduction

II.          Central Nervous System

1. Anatomy and physiology

1. Brain and spinal cord
2. Subcortical brain regions
3. Ascending reticular activating system
4. Limbic system
5. Hypothalamus
6. Medial forebrain bundle
7. Periventricular system
8. Spinal cord

1. Neurotransmission

1. CNS neurons
2. Noradrenergic pathways
3. Dopaminergic pathways
4. Serotonergic pathways
5. Cholinergic pathways
6. GABA-ergic pathways
7. Glycine pathways

1. Disorders

1. Pain disorders
2. Sleep disturbances
3. Sleep-wake disorders
4. Disorders that occur only during sleep
5. Insomnia
6. Seizures
7. Affective disorders
8. Psychoneurosis
9. Organic brain psychosis
10. Schizophrenia
11. Attention deficit disorder
12. Alzheimer’s disease
13. Parkinsonism
14. Infections

1. Therapeutic applications of drugs affecting CNS

1. General anesthetics
2. Local anesthetics
3. Sedatives and hypnotics
4. Anticonvulsant drugs
5. Narcotic analgesics
6. Narcotic analgesic antagonists
7. CNS stimulants
8. Psychotherapeutic drugs
9. Anticonvulsant drugs
10. Antiparkinsonism drugs
11. Anti-infectives

1. Specific characteristics of CNS drugs

1. Indications for use
2. Dosage form(s)
3. Usual dosage
4. Side effects and toxicity
5. Significant drug interactions
6. Storage requirements
7. Special preparation procedures
8. Generic/trade names
9. Mechanisms of action

1. Autonomic Nervous System

1. Anatomy and physiology

1. Parasympathetic division
2. Sympathetic division
3. Characteristics of the ANS

1. Drug action on ANS neurotransmission

1. Cholinergic transmission
2. Acetylcholine receptor
3. Nicotinic acetylcholine recepter
4. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
5. Adrenergic transmission
6. Adrenergic receptor
7. Alpha-adrenergic receptors
8. Beta-adrenergic receptors

1. Disorders treated with autonomic drugs

1. Diseases treated with cholinergic drugs
2. Diseases treated with cholinergic blocking drugs
3. Diseases treated with adrenergic drugs
4. Diseases treated with adrenergic blocking drugs

1. Autonomic drugs

1. Cholinergic drugs
2. Anticholinesterase drugs
3. Muscarinic receptor blocking drugs
4. Drugs blocking nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction
5. Adrenergic drugs
6. Adrenergic blocking drugs
7. Drugs that block adrenergic neurons
8. Drugs that reduce central adrenergic outflow
9. Drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase
10. Drugs that inhibit catecholamine synthesis

1. Specific characteristics of drugs of ANS

1. Indications for use
2. Dosage form(s)
3. Usual dosage
4. Side effects and toxicity
5. Significant drug interactions
6. Storage requirements
7. Special preparation procedures
8. Generic/trade names
9. Mechanisms of action

PHT 175IN - Pharmacy Operations

1. Perform the following functions for processing ambulatory patient prescriptions: correctly type the label; select the proper drug from the dispensing stock; accurately count or measure the product and place in the proper container; complete the necessary records and documents; submit to confirmatory inspection and calculate the charge for the prescription.
2. Compound solutions, suspensions, creams, ointments, suppositories, and troches to physicians’ prescription specifications, demonstrating proper weighing procedures, calculations, drug selection and correct labeling procedures.
3. Repackage and label unit-doses from a bulk supply of drugs and correctly complete all necessary control records.
4. State the precautions and procedures that must be used in handling caustic, poisonous, and flammable substances.
5. Demonstrate proper aseptic technique to assist the pharmacist in the administration of immunizations.
6. Identify proper procedures for assisting the pharmacist in preparing, storing and distributing investigational drug products.
7. Describe the social significance of the computer and ethical issues with computers.
8. Identify the physical components of a computer system.
9. Enter and retrieve data in spreadsheets.
10. Use word processing to compose, file and retrieve documents.
11. Use pharmacy software system to maintain patient profiles and perform pharmacy database functions.

1. List the titles of at least four reference books and of online web sites with relevant data on drugs and stability information.
2. Describe dispensing and record-keeping procedures.
3. Perform the following functions for processing ambulatory patient prescriptions: correctly type the label; select the proper drug from the dispensing stock; accurately count or measure the product and place in the proper container; complete the necessary records and documents; submit to confirmatory inspection and calculate the charge for the prescription.
4. Demonstrate procedure for processing non-sterile dosage forms.
5. State proper procedures for inventory control of medications, equipment and other pharmacy devices.
6. Compound solutions, suspensions, creams, ointments, suppositories, and troches to physicians’ prescription specifications, demonstrating proper weighing procedures, calculations, drug selection and correct labeling procedures.
7. Repackage and label unit-doses from a bulk supply of drugs and correctly complete all necessary control records.
8. State the precautions and procedures that must be used in handling caustic, poisonous, and flammable substances.
9. Demonstrate proper aseptic technique to assist the pharmacist in the administration of immunizations.
10. Explain how to assist the pharmacist in the identification of patients who desire/require counseling to optimize the use of medications, equipment and devices. 
11. Define proper procedures for purchasing pharmaceuticals, and other pharmacy equipment and devices.
12. Identify proper procedures for assisting the pharmacist in preparing, storing and distributing investigational drug products.
13. Describe direct patient care delivery systems in multiple practice settings.
14. Describe the historical evolution and social significance of the computer.
15. Identify the physical components of a computer system.
16. Enter and retrieve data in spreadsheets and databases.
17. Use word processing to compose, file and retrieve documents.
18. Explain the characteristics of a typical database used to support the pharmacy functions of the acute care practice environment and the non-acute care practice environment.
19. Describe the categories of information kept in patient profiles.
20. State proper procedures for inventory control of medications, equipment and other pharmacy devices.
21. Identify the different automated drug dispensing systems within different pharmacy practice settings.

1. Basic Pharmacy References, Equipment and Materials
2. Dispensing and Record-Keeping Procedures
3. Processing Ambulatory Patient Prescriptions
4. Non-Sterile Dosage Forms
5. Inventory Control of Medications, Equipment and Other Pharmacy Devices
   1. Control methods
   2. Physical inventory
   3. Drug storage and stability
6. Large and Small Scale Compounding
   1. Formula enlargement/reduction
   2. Good manufacturing practices
   3. Quality control
   4. Preparation of common dosage forms
   5. Packaging/repackaging
   6. Labeling
7. Repackaging and Labeling Unit-Doses from Bulk Supply
8. Handling Caustic, Poisonous, and Flammable Substances: Precautions and Procedures
9. Assisting the Pharmacist in The Administration of Immunizations: Proper Aseptic Technique
10. Identification of Patients who Desire/Require Counseling Regarding Use of Prescription(s)
11. Purchasing Pharmaceuticals, and Other Pharmacy Equipment and Devices
12. Assisting the Pharmacist in Preparing, Storing and Distributing Investigational Drug Products
13. Direct Patient Care Delivery Systems in Multiple Practice Settings
14. Historical Development of Computers
    1. Social significance of computers
    2. Examples of the computer as a tool in contemporary society
15. Components of a Computer System
    1. Hardware inside a computer case
    2. Peripheral devices, e.g. printers, scanners
    3. Keyboards and other input devices
16. Spreadsheet and Database Use Within a Workplace
    1. Formats for computerized data displays
    2. Accuracy in entering and retrieving data
    3. Basics of spreadsheet and database operations
17. Word Processing Fundamentals Within a Workplace
    1. Functions of a word processor
    2. Keystroke development
    3. Use of the screen as desktop
    4. Composing documents on the computer
    5. Saving and opening files
    6. Correcting errors and moving text
18. Professional Pharmacy Applications in Retail and Hospital Pharmacy
    1. Prescription or medical order processing
    2. Patient profiles
    3. Third party billing
    4. Price updates
    5. Database maintenance
19. Automated Drug Dispensing Systems for Different Pharmacy Practice Settings

PHT 179IN - Sterile Products

1. List five major causes of contamination of an injectable.
2. Demonstrate the proper technique for using a syringe and needle for aseptic withdrawal of the contents of a rubber-capped vial, and a glass ampul.
3. Demonstrate the proper technique for aseptic reconstitution of an antibiotic injection.
4. Describe and demonstrate proper hand washing techniques in a sterile environment.
5. Demonstrate the correct techniques and procedure for preparing parenteral admixtures, including the proper preparation of the label.
6. Identify the major components of laminar-flow hoods and state their functions.
7. Define and describe the following: microbial growth and transmission; origin, pharmacologic effect, and prevention of pyrogens; sterility; heat sterilization; and, cold sterilization.
8. Demonstrate the proper technique for visual inspection of parenteral solutions.
9. Use the internet for email and basic research.
10. Use basic pharmacy software system in pharmacy setting to process prescription and medication orders.

1. Use the internet for email and basic research.
2. Use basic software programs in pharmacy settings.
3. Process a prescription or medication order using software programs.
4. Discuss future directions in electronic data and robotics.

1. History of Sterile Products and Parenteral Therapy
2. Characteristics of Sterile Products
3. Principles of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
4. Laminar Flow Hood Theory
5. Basics of Microbiology
6. Antiseptics and Sterilization
   1. Antiseptics
   2. Dry heat/autoclave
   3. Radiation
   4. Filtration
7. Sterile Products Calculations
8. Introduction to IV Labels and Profile Systems
9. Aseptic Techniques
   1. Introduction to needle and syringe handling
   2. Volume practice/handling vials
   3. Laminar flow hood preparation
   4. Handling glass containers vs. plastic
   5. Handling ampuls
   6. Handling filter needles
   7. Reconstitution of sterile solids
   8. Handling prefilled syringes
   9.     Handling transfer needles
   10. Handling multi-add syringes
10. Total Parenteral Nutrition
11. Incompatibilities
12. Quality Control
13. Computer Networks for Communication and Information
    1. E-mail communications for individuals and groups
    2. Internet and its evolution
    3. Research techniques using the world wide web and search engines
    4. Evaluation of web-based information
14. Professional Pharmacy Applications in Retail and Hospital Pharmacy
    1. Therapeutic drug monitoring
    2. Drug information retrieval and storage
    3. Reports
15. Using Computers for Inventory Control in Pharmacy
16. Future Directions with Electronic Media
17. Specialized Sterile Products
    1. Ophthalmics
    2. Peritoneal didlysates
    3. Radiopharmaceuticals
    4. Allergenic extracts
    5. Handling of antineoplastics
    6. Antimicrobial pharmacology

PHT 181 - Interprofessional Relations in Pharmacy

1. Identify and evaluate personal strengths and weaknesses in the following areas: personal development; assertiveness; conflict resolution; learning styles; and listening skills.
2. Explain and demonstrate positive elements of verbal and non-verbal communication in the following areas: patient interview and assessment; telephone etiquette; empathetic responsiveness; and patient ethnicity.
3. Define five stages of death and dying and describe how to communicate emphathetically with patient.
4. Differentiate between active and passive listening and describe when each skill is most effective.
5. Classify “Patient Personality Types” and relate the standard method of interacting with each type.
6. Identify barriers to communication and illustrate how to overcome them.
7. Explain the concept of “team building” and how it can create harmony in the workplace.
8. Perform mock patient consultation and incorporate skills acquired in this class (this is the program’s “capstone” exercise).

1. Overview of Human Relations
   1. Personality inventory
   2. Personal development
      1. Communication skills
      2. Observation skills
      3. Problem solving
      4. Moral building
      5. Emotions
      6. Social relationships
      7. General
2. Elements of Communication
   1. Interpersonal
   2. Non-verbal
      1. Body movements
      2. Emblems
      3. Illustrators
      4. Affect display
      5. Regulators
      6. Adaptors
   3. Barriers and patient personality types
   4. Listening
      1. Passive vs. active
      2. Empathy
      3. Assessment
   5. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
   6. Interviewing and assessment
      1. Telephone etiquette
      2. Building “helping model”
   7. Building better patient understanding in special situations
      1. Empathy
      2. Death and dying
      3. Ethnicity
      4. Conflict resolution
3. Ethical Patient Care

PHT 182 - Drug Therapy II

1. Identify characteristics of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, circulatory, renal, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and integumentary systems.
2. Identify disorders and disease states of the cardiovascular, circulatory, renal, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and integumentary systems.
3. Identify and list drugs needed to treat specific disorders and disease states of the cardiovascular, circulatory, renal, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and integumentary systems.
4. List characteristics of each drug, including: indications for use; dosage form(s); usual dosage; side effects and toxicity; interaction with other drugs; storage requirements; special preparation procedures; generic/trade name; and mechanisms of action.
5. Practice effective control procedures, including preventing transmission of blood borne and airborne diseases.

1. Introduction
2. Cardiovascular System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the heart and blood vessels
   2. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
      1. Arrhythmias
      2. Congestive heart failure
      3. Coronary artery disease
      4. Hypertension
      5. Infections
   3. Drugs used to treat cardiovascular disease
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs for cardiovascular diseases
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Mechanisms of action
3. Circulatory/Reticuloendothelial System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the circulatory/reticuloendothelial system
      1. Blood
      2. Lymphatic system
      3. Blood-forming organs
   2. Diseases involving the blood elements and clotting mechanisms
      1. Erythrocyte disorders
      2. Leukocyte disorders
      3. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
      4. Hemorrhaghic disorders
      5. Hyperlipoproteinemia
   3. Drugs affecting the circulatory/reticuloendothelial system
      1. Drugs used in the treatment of anemias
      2. Drugs altering blood coagulation
      3. Drugs used to treat hyperlipidemias
      4. Drugs used in the chemotherapy of hematologic malignancies
4. Renal System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the kidney
      1. Blood circuit
      2. Tubular urine circuit
      3. Factors influencing diuresis functions of the kidney
   2. Functions of the kidney
      1. Excretion of waste
      2. Acid-base balance
      3. Water balance
      4. Electrolyte balance
      5. Renin secretion
   3. Diseases treated with diuretic drugs
      1. Edematous conditions
      2. Nonedematous conditions
   4. Disorders treated with uricosuric drugs - gout
   5. Drugs affecting the renal system
      1. Diuretic drugs
      2. Uricosuric drugs
   6. Special aspects of electrolyte patterns seen in diuretic therapy
      1. Hypokalemia
      2. Hyperkalemia
      3. Hyponatremia
      4. Hyperchloremia
   7. Factors involved in the clinical selection of a suitable diuretic drug
   8. Specific characteristics of drugs prescribed for various kidney disorders
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
5. Endocrine System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system
      1. Pituitary gland
      2. Thyroid gland
      3. Parathyroid glands
      4. Adrenal glands
      5. Gonads
      6. Pancreas
   2. Special aspects of endocrine glands
   3. Dysfunction of the endocrine glands
      1. Anterior pituitary gland
      2. Posterior pituitary gland
      3. Thyroid gland
      4. Parathyroid glands
      5. Adrenal glands
      6. Gonads
      7. Pancreas
   4. Drugs affecting the endocrine system
      1. Anterior pituitary hormones
      2. Posterior pituitary preparations
      3. Thyroid gland preparations
      4. Antithyroid drugs
      5. Thyroid parafollicular C cell hormone
      6. Parathyroid gland preparations
      7. Adrenal gland preparations
      8. Sex hormone preparations
      9. Pancreatic preparations
   5. Specific characteristics of drugs of the endocrine system
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
6. Respiratory System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
   2. Disorders of the respiratory system
      1. Allergy
      2. Diseases/disorders of the nose, throat, ear
      3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
      4. Bacterial/viral infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract.
      5. Infectious fungal disease
      6. Pulmonary tumors
   3. Drugs used in respiratory disorders and infections
      1. Antihistamines; Hl receptor blockers
      2. Antibacterial drugs
      3. Antibacterial drugs that affect cell wall synthesis
      4. Antibacterial drugs that affect protein synthesis
      5. Antibacterial drugs that act primarily as antimetabolites
      6. Antimicrobial drugs that alter plasma membrane permeability
   4. Drugs used in lung carcinoma
   5. Specific characteristics of drugs of respiratory system
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
7. Digestive/Gastrointestinal System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the digestive/gastrointestinal system.
      1. Mouth and esophagus
      2. Stomach
      3. Small intestine
      4. Colon
      5. Additional organs vital to digestion
   2. Disorders of the digestive/gastrointestinal system
      1. Disorders of the mouth/salivary glands
      2. Esophageal disorders
      3. Stomach disorders
      4. Intestinal disorders
      5. Liver disorders
      6. Liver disorders
      7. Gallbladder disorders
      8. Pancreatic disorders
   3. Drugs used in the treatment of digestive/gastrointestinal system disorders
      1. Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer
      2. Laxatives
      3. Digestive aids
      4. Antidiarrheals
      5. Miscellaneous gastrointestinal drugs
      6. Antihemorrhoid preparations
      7. Antiemetics
      8. Antibiotics/antiinfectives used in gastrointestinal infections
      9. Antineoplastics
      10. Anthelmintics
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs of the digestive/gastrointestinal tract.
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Side effects and toxicity
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
8. Reproductive/Genitourinary System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive/genitourinary system
      1. Female genital system
      2. Make genital system
      3. Renal/urinary excretion system
   2. Diseases and disorders of the genitourinary system
      1. Venereal infections
      2. Nonvenereal infections
      3. Carcinomas of the female reproductive system
      4. Carcinomas of the male reproductive system
      5. Carcinomas of the urinary bladder
   3. Drugs used in the treatment of genitourinary diseases and infections
      1. Drugs used to treat infections
      2. Drugs that affect uterine musculature
      3. Antineoplastic drugs
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs of the reproductive/genitourinary system
      1. Indications for sue
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
9. Integumentary/Connective Tissue System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the integumentary/connective tissue system
      1. Connective tissue
      2. Functions of the skin
      3. Sweat glands
      4. Skin appendages
   2. Diseases and disorders of the integumentary/connective tissue system
      1. Skin infections
      2. Skin infestations
      3. Miscellaneous skin disorders
      4. Skin cancers
      5. Disorders of the joints and connective tissues
   3. Drugs used in the treatment of integumentary/connective tissue disorders
      1. Drugs used to treat skin diseases
      2. Drugs used to treat diseases of the joints and connective tissues
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs of the integumentary/connective tissue systems
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side- effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
      10. Excretion of waste
10. Transmission risks healthcare worker to patient & patient to patient
    1. Risks
    2. Hepatitis
    3. HIV
    4. Other
11. Transmission of airborne diseases
    1. Risks
    2. Prevention
    3. Social & respiratory etiquette

PHT 187 - Pharmacy Law and Ethics

1. Discuss the history and development of current pharmacy laws.
2. Describe legal terms associated with pharmacy practice such as rules, regulations and statutes.
3. Differentiate between the roles of a pharmacist and a pharmacy technician in the pharmacy setting.
4. Describe the limitations of the pharmacy technician in the state of Arizona.
5. Describe the legal requirements for ordering and record keeping of controlled substances in the State of Arizona.
6. Summarize the functions and responsibilities of the Arizona State Board of Pharmacy.
7. Describe the patient’s bill of rights.
8. Describe the prescribing and dispensing requirements and restrictions in the state of Arizona.
9. Analyze the selected pharmaceutical acts relating to state and federal regulatory agencies including the differences between criminal and civil law.
10. Describe the legal separation between compounding and manufacturing.
11. Summarize the code of ethics for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.
12. Discuss the process of pharmaceutical ethics, its development and who is ultimately responsible in the pharmacy setting.
13. Describe the process of obtaining the National Pharmacy Technician Certification (PTCB).
14. Describe the process of obtaining both a permanent and trainee license from the Arizona State Board of Pharmacy.
15. Explain the advantages of participating in local, state, national, and other pharmacy technician organizations.

1. History and Development of Current Pharmacy Laws
   1. Developments leading to legislation
   2. Topics dealt with by federal government
   3. Topics dealt with by state governments
   4. Roles of state and federal governments
   5. 20th Century changes
2. Legal Terms Associated with Pharmacy Practice
3. Roles of Pharmacy Personnel
   1. Roles of the pharmacist
   2. Roles of the pharmacy technician
4. Limitations of the Pharmacy Technician
   1. Permissible activities
   2. Non-permissible
5. Ordering and Record Keeping of Controlled Substances
   1. Who may place orders
   2. Records kept by the pharmacy
   3. Records kept by an institution (hospital, nursing home, clinic etc.)
   4. Records kept by a practitioner
6. Arizona State Board of Pharmacy
   1. Functions
   2. Licensing for pharmacy technicians to include both PTCB certification as well as both the permanent and the trainee licenses
7. Patient’s Bill of Rights
8. Prescribing and Dispensing Requirements and Restrictions in the State of Arizona
   1. Who may prescribe?
   2. DEA numbers for prescribes
   3. Purpose of the prescription
   4. Addiction treatment restrictions
   5. Requirements and restrictions for the prescription form
   6. Labeling requirements and exemptions
   7. Dispensing controlled substances
   8. Mailing controlled substances
   9. Transferring of prescriptions and refills between pharmacies
   10. Early misbranding of medications
   11. Sophistication and complexity of new drugs
   12. Habit forming and dangerous drugs
9. State and Federal Regulatory Acts & Agencies
   1. Federal regulatory agencies
      1. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
      2. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
10. B            State regulatory agencies
    1. Arizona State Board of Pharmacy
    2. Hospital and Long Term Care Facilities
11. Institutional Regulation
    1. Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee
    2. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organization (JCAHO)
12. State and Federal Regulatory Pharmacy Acts
    1. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
    2. Orphan Drug Act
    3. Controlled Substances Act
    4. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
    5. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
    6. Federal Hazardous Substances Act.
13. Separation between Compounding and Manufacturing
    1. Descriptions of compounding and manufacturing
    2. Legal issues
14. Ethical Considerations in the Pharmacy Setting
    1. Code of ethics for pharmacists and technicians
    2. Development of pharmaceutical ethics (background and progression)
    3. Patient counseling
    4. Ethical responsibility
15. Pharmacy Organizations: Local, State, National, Other

PHT 190LB - Pharmacy Technician Internship

1. Perform all of the duties of a pharmacy technician assigned to: the sterile products pharmacy area; the outpatient pharmacy area; and the inpatient pharmacy area.

1. Under the supervision of the pharmacist, the intern will perform all the duties of a pharmacy technician regularly assigned to the inpatient pharmacy area. The intern will perform each of the following, as it relates to the specific internship site:
   1. Understand and conform with all policies and procedures relating to the medication distribution to inpatients
   2. Maintain patient medication profiles
      1. Process admissions and discharges
      2. Transcribe/input medication chart orders
      3. Process re-types
   3. Fill the unit dose cassettes or cubicles with the correct medications and supplies
   4. Deliver medications or medication carts if necessary
   5. Prepare medication for ward stock distribution
   6. Maintain emergency boxes or kits
   7. Assist the pharmacist in the distribution of controlled or restricted drugs
   8. Extemporaneously repackage medications into unit dose form, label them, and maintain the necessary control records
   9. Perform inventory control functions, including drug ordering, check-in, stocking, and processing returns
   10. Participate in quality assurance projects, including ward inspections, drug recalls, and drug defect reporting
   11. Maintain necessary inpatient pharmacy records
   12. Handle interpersonal communications with other health care personnel as appropriate
   13. Perform necessary billing procedures
   14. Maintain the inpatient pharmacy area in a clean and orderly manner
2. Under the supervision of the pharmacist, the intern will perform all the duties of a pharmacy technician regularly assigned to the outpatient pharmacy area. The intern will perform each of the following as it relates to the specific internship site
   1. Understand and conform with all policies and procedures relating to outpatient pharmacy services
   2. Maintain patient medication profiles
      1. Initiate profiles for new patients
      2. Update profiles as additional prescriptions are filled
   3. Participate in the drug distribution process
      1. Handle incoming prescriptions
      2. Prepare primary prescription labels and any necessary auxiliary labels
      3. Price prescriptions
      4. Assist the pharmacist in medication preparation
      5. Process prescription refills
      6. Process over-the-counter drug orders
      7. Assist the pharmacist in the distribution of controlled/restricted drugs
   4. Perform any necessary recordkeeping functions
      1. Prescription document filing and retrieval
      2. Controlled/restricted drug records
   5. Perform inventory control functions, including drug ordering, check-in, stocking and processing returns
   6. Participate in quality assurance projects, including ward inspections, drug recalls, and drug defect reporting
   7. Handle interpersonal communications with other healthcare personnel as appropriate
   8. Perform necessary billing functions, including third-party billing
   9. Maintain the outpatient pharmacy area in a clean and orderly manner
3. Under the supervision of the pharmacist, the intern will perform all the duties of a pharmacy technician regularly assigned to the sterile products pharmacy area. The intern will perform each of the following, as it relates to the specific internship site
   1. Understand and conform with all policies and procedures which relate to sterile products services
   2. Maintain the IV patient profile
      1. Process admissions and discharges
      2. Transcribe or input medication chart orders
      3. Process retypes
   3. Process labels for all types of sterile products, including necessary auxiliary labels
   4. Properly clean and set up the laminar flow hood for sterile products preparation
   5. Perform necessary calculations for solution preparation
   6. Properly scrub and gown before preparing any sterile product
   7. Aseptically prepare large volume parenterals, intravenous piggybacks, total parenteral nutrition solutions, prefilled syringes, peritoneal dialysates, allergenic extracts, antineoplastic agents, or any other sterile products normally prepared by pharmacy technicians; reconstitute, filter, and package sterile medications as appropriate
   8. Perform inventory control functions, including drug ordering, check-in, stocking and processing returns
   9. Participate in quality assurance projects, including detection of microbial contamination, drug recalls, and drug defect reporting
   10. Maintain sterile products records as necessary
   11. Handle interpersonal communications with other healthcare personnel as appropriate
   12. Perform necessary billing procedures
   13. Maintain the sterile products pharmacy area in a clean and orderly manner

PHT 197 - Clinical Seminar

1. Identify the format and major components of a personal inventory.
2. Complete a resume based on the personal inventory.
3. Analyze and interpret interview techniques necessary for successful job placement.
4. Demonstrate methodology involved in gathering information and producing a research report.
5. Review and prepare for Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam.

1. Format and Components of a Personal Inventory
   1. Personal direction
   2. Personal skills
2. Resume Writing
3. Interview Techniques
4. Research Reports
5. Publishing Technical Papers
6. Comprehensive Review for Pharmacy Technician Certification Examination
   1. Mathematics
   2. Pharmacology
   3. Sterile products
   4. Law
   5. Pharmacy operations
      1. Retail
   6. Hospital
   7. Terminology
   8. Management
   9. Computers
7. Other Topics and Discussions as Determined by the Instructor and Class

PHI 101 - Introduction to Philosophy [SUN# PHI 1101]

1. Describe the application of a philosophic method using logic.
2. Relate an analysis of the concepts of epistemology.
3. Describe the claims of ethics.
4. Compare social/political philosophies.
5. Examine the issues concerning philosophy of religion.
6. Distinguish metaphysical systems.
7. Discuss philosophy of science.
8. Classify aesthetic positions.

1. Logic
   1. Definition of an argument
   2. Definition of an inference
   3. Inductive reasoning/deductive reasoning
   4. Formal fallacies/informal fallacies
2. Epistemology
   1. Rationalism
   2. Empiricism
   3. Intuitionism
   4. Analytic claims
   5. Synthetic claims
   6. A priori claims
   7. A posteriori claims
3. Ethics
   1. Nature of normative claims
   2. Prescriptive
   3. Descriptive
   4. Instrumental
   5. Intrinsic
4. Social/Political Philosophy
   1. Nature and legitimacy of authority
   2. Absolutism
   3. Theocracy
   4. Democracy
   5. Utilitarianism
   6. Fascism
   7. Communism
   8. Anarchism
5. Philosophy of Religion
   1. Nature and meaning of religion
   2. Meaning of ” God “
   3. Classical arguments for the existence of God
   4. Critiques of the Classical arguments
6. Metaphysics
   1. Nature of mind and body
   2. Existence of other minds
   3. Nature of reality and ultimate reality
   4. Free will
7. Philosophy of Science
   1. Scientific method
   2. Aristotle’s philosophy of science
   3. Axioms
   4. Scientific revolution
   5. Causation
8. Aesthetics
   1. Nature of beauty
      1. Objective
      2. Subjective
   2. Emotionalism vs. functionalism
   3. Theories of art criticism

PHI 120 - Introduction to Logic [SUN# PHI 1103]

1. Describe the nature of language including its primary uses, types of informal fallacies, and the function of definitions.
2. Discuss the nature of deductive logic, including the ability to put statements and arguments into standard propositional and syllogistic form, as well and testing for validity by various methods including Venn Diagrams and Truth Tables.
3. Explain the nature of inductive logic, including the basis of analogical reasoning, Mill’s Methods for establishing causal connections, and the role of hypotheses in science.

1. Nature of Language
   1. Introduction to logic
   2. Uses of language
   3. Informal fallacies
   4. Nature of definition
2. Deductive Logic
   1. Categorical propositions
   2. Categorical syllogisms
   3. Arguments in ordinary language
   4. Testing by Venn diagrams
   5. Basic symbolic logic/truth tables applications
   6. Relations between statements, including
      1. Contradiction
      2. Entailment
      3. Contraries
      4. Logical necessity and relevance
      5. Nature of paradoxes
3. Inductive Logic
   1. Analogy and probable inference
   2. Causal connections: Mill’s Methods
   3. Science and hypotheses
   4. Logic and the law

PHI 122 - God, Mind, and Matter

1. Describe the application of philosophical method using critical analysis.
2. Distinguish various philosophical approaches.
3. Examine the ideas about God, mind, and matter in pre-Socratic and classical writings.
4. Explain the ideas about God, mind, and matter contained in medieval texts.
5. Compare the ideas about God, mind, and matter in the writings of modern philosophers.
6. Summarize the viewpoints of contemporary philosophers regarding God, mind, and matter.

1. Philosophic Method
   1. Precision and clarity
   2. Presuppositions and implications
   3. Objectivity
   4. Critical analysis of lines of argument
2. Distinctions
   1. Metaphysical systems
   2. Epistemological systems
   3. Historical origins and proofs for the existence of God
   4. Relationship of faith and reason
3. God, Mind, and Matter in Ancient Philosophy
   1. Pre-Socratic philosophers
   2. Plato
   3. Aristotle
   4. Plotinus
4. God, Mind, and Matter in Medieval Philosophy
   1. Augustine
   2. Anselm
   3. Maimonides
   4. Thomas Aquinas
5. God, Mind, and Matter in Modern Philosophy
   1. Descartes
   2. Berkeley
   3. Hume
   4. Kant
   5. William James
   6. Nietzsche
   7. J-P Sartre
6. God, Mind, and Matter in Contemporary Philosophy and Physics
   1. Theories of states and stages of consciousness
   2. Unified field theory
   3. Multiple intelligences 
   4. John Searle
   5. Ken Wilber
   6. Peter Russell

PHI 123 - Philosophical Foundations of Science

1. Describe the application of philosophical method using logic.
2. Examine the process of scientific method.
3. Explain the classical ideas regarding science, mathematics, and knowledge.
4. Explain medieval ideas regarding science, mathematics, and knowledge.
5. Explain modern ideas regarding science, mathematics, and knowledge.
6. Explain contemporary ideas regarding science, mathematics, and knowledge.
7. Summarize the philosophical problems raised by discovery and change.

1. Philosophical Method
   1. Logic
      1. Deductive and inductive reasoning
      2. Formal and informal fallacies
      3. A priori versus a posteriori
   2. Problem of truth and reality
2. Scientific Method
   1. Theory and hypothesis
   2. Deduction and induction
      1. Analytic
      2. Synthetic
   3. Objectivity
   4. Probability
   5. Set theory
   6. Infinite regress
3. Classical Science and Mathematics
   1. Thales
   2. Pythagoras
   3. Democritus and Leucippus or Lucretius
   4. Plato
   5. Aristotle
   6. Euclid
4. Medieval Science and Mathematics
   1. Roger Bacon
   2. John Duns Scotus
   3. William of Ockham
   4. Nicholas of Cusa
   5. Arabic number system, decimals
5. Modern Science and Mathematics
   1. Copernicus
   2. Galileo
   3. Kepler
   4. Descartes
   5. Newton
   6. Leibniz
   7. Hume
6. Contemporary Science and Mathematics
   1. Darwin and Plank
   2. Einstein
   3. Whitehead
   4. Bohr
   5. Heisenberg
   6. Russell
7. Philosophical Problems Raised by Discovery and Change
   1. Objectivity/subjectivity
   2. Uncertainty principle
   3. Space, time, and gravity
   4. Statistics
   5. Absolutism versus relativism
   6. Mechanistic versus chaotic

PHI 130 - Introductory Studies in Ethics and Social Philosophy [SUN# PHI 1105]

1. Examine the philosophical method.
2. Define and assess the foundations of moral philosophy.
3. Identify and analyze ethical-value judgments and human nature.
4. Compare and critique theories of social morality and justice.
5. Discuss and assess the role of emotions and faith in ethics.

1. Philosophical Method
   1. Logic
      1. Deductive and inductive reasoning
      2. Formal and informal fallacies
   2. Analytic v. synthetic
   3. A priori v. A posteriori
2. Foundations of Moral Philosophy
   1. Normative nature of moral philosophy
   2. Rational nature of moral philosophy
   3. Absolutism and relativism
   4. Basis of moral choice
      1. Reason and analysis
      2. Reason and affection
      3. Reason and authority
         1. Types of authority
         2. Authority and personal responsibility
   5. Principles and ideals
      1. Universals and absolutes
      2. Individual and group experience
3. Ethical-Value Judgments and Human Nature
   1. Individual morality
      1. Defining the good life
         1. Plato
         2. Aristotle
      2. Virtue, pleasure
         1. Aristotle
         2. Epicurus
         3. Epictetus
      3. Natural law: Thomas Aquinas
   2. Moral character
      1. Defining the good person
         1. Plato
         2. Aristotle
         3. G.E. Moore
      2. Principles of utility
         1. Bentham
         2. Mill
      3. Principles of duty: Kant
      4. Individual and societal conscience, freedom
         1. Hume
         2. Camus
         3. Sartre
         4. De Beauvoir
4. Theories of Social Morality and Justice
   1. Common good and Individual good
      1. Individual justice, equality, liberty
      2. Distributive justice
         1. Plato
         2. Aristotle
         3. Hobbes
         4. Marx
   2. Utilitarianism
      1. Greatest happiness principle
      2. Theory of sanctions
      3. Quantity and quality of pleasure
   3. Bentham
   4. Mill
5. Deontology:  Kant
   1. Notion of duty
   2. Categorical imperative
6. Justice and the social contract theory
   1. Rousseau
   2. Rawls
7. Emotions and Faith
   1. Religious experience
      1. Augustine
      2. Kierkegaard
      3. James
   2. Faith and trust

PHI 140 - Philosophy of Religion

1. Demonstrate an understanding of philosophical method.
2. Examine the meaning of the terms “religion” and “God.”
3. Review the classical arguments for and against the existence of God.
4. Explain the impact of religion on ethics, psychology, and law.
5. Examine faith and reason.
6. Summarize the impact of theodicy.
7. Analyze mysticism.

1. Philosophical Method
   1. Logic
      1. Deductive and inductive reasoning
      2. Formal and informal fallacies
   2. Analytic versus synthetic
   3. A priori versus a posteriori
   4. The problem of truth
2. Nature and Meaning of Religion and God
   1. Religion and Theism
   2. Religion and Spirituality
   3. Anthropological, legal, philosophical, and traditional meanings of religion
   4. Possible meanings for “God”
      1. Monism
      2. Monotheism
      3. Pantheism
      4. Panetheism
      5. Polytheism
3. Classical Arguments
   1. Anselm’s ontological argument
   2. Thomas Aquinas’ “Five Ways”
   3. Cosmological argument
   4. Teleological argument
   5. Descartes’ ontological argument
   6. Replies of Hume and Kant
4. Impact of Religion on Ethics, Psychology, and Law
   1. Divine command theory in ethics (Good and God)
   2. Psychology
      1. Freud
      2. Jung
      3. William James
      4. Ken Wilbur
   3. Law
      1. Theocracy
      2. Constitutional issues
5. Faith and Reason
   1. Faith as truth
   2. Rational vs. irrational
   3. Existentialism
      1. Kierkegaard
      2. Nietzsche
      3. Sartre
6. Theodicy
   1. Definitions of evil
   2. Problem of evil
   3. God and evil
7. Mysticism and Philosophy
   1. States and stages of consciousness
   2. Multiple intelligences
   3. Meditation and philosophy
   4. Mysticism and truth

PHI 151 - Wisdom of the World

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Introduction to the major founding philosophical traditions of the world, including Persian, African, Greek, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous philosophies. Includes metaphysics, epistemology and ethics, as well as philosophical anthropology and theology. Emphasis on exploring the work of both male and female founders of philosophy. 

Gen-Ed: Meets AGEC - HUM or SBS and G; Meets CTE - A&H or SBS and G.

2. Understand and practice diverse philosophical methodologies.

3. Express philosophical problems, concepts and methods in various world philosophies.

4. Engage in philosophical dialogue and navigate disagreement in a respectful and truth-seeking way.

5. Use philosophical approaches to develop and support one’s own philosophy.

1. Persian Philosophy – Zarathustra & Zoroastrianism
2. African Philosophy – Ptahhotep & Egyptian Philosophy
3. Greek Philosophy
   1. Pythagoras & Pythagorean Philosophy; Pythagorean Women
   2. Socrates & Plato; Aspasia
   3. Aristotle
4. Chinese Philosophy
   1. Confucius, Confucianism; Jing Jiang of Lu
   2. Lao Tzu, Daoism
5. Indian Philosophy
   1. Hinduism; Gargi Vachaknavi & Maitreyi
   2. Gautama Buddha, Buddhism
6. Indigenous Philosophy – Tribal Philosophy

PHI 246 - Existential Philosophy

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Exploration of key aspects of the human condition, such as the meaning of life and death; authenticity and absurdity; freedom and responsibility; truth and subjectivity; gender and race; affect and sexuality. Primary source texts include the works of Kierkegaard, Neitzsche, Heidegger, Arendt, Sartre, Beauvoir, Du Bois and Fanon.

Gen-Ed: Meets AGEC - HUM or SBS and C; Meets CTE - A&H or SBS and C.

2. Express philosophical problems, concepts, and methods in existential philosophy.

3. Engage in philosophical dialogue and navigate disagreement in a respectful and truth-seeking way.

4. Use philosophical approaches to develop and support one’s own philosophy.

5. Come to appreciate existentialism as a diverse, living, and evolving philosophical tradition.

1. 19^th Century Existential Philosophy
   1. Introduction to Existentialism
   2. Existentialism in Literature
   3. Kierkegaard, Existentialism and Religion
   4. Nietzsche
2. 20^th Century Existential Philosophy
   1. Heidegger and Phenomenology
   2. Hannah Arendt and Political Phenomenology
   3. Camus and/or Beckett – “Theater of the Absurd”
   4. Sartre - Essays and Literature
3. Feminist Existential Philosophy
   1. Simone de Beauvoir
   2. Feminist Existentialist Literature, Historical and Contemporary
   3. Impact and Influence on Movements in the United States 
4. Black Existentialist Philosophy
   1. W.E.B. Du Bois
   2. Frantz Fanon
   3. Impact and Influence on Movements in the United States
5. Black Existentialist Literature, Historical and Contemporary

PHB 150IN - Intro to Laboratory and Phlebotomy

3 Credits, 5 Contact Hours
2 lecture periods 3 lab periods

Theory and practice of basic phlebotomy techniques and procedures. Includes blood collection for patient care, quality assurance standards, medical terminology, anatomy, blood collection procedures, variables, computers and specimen processing, and point of care (POC) testing.

Information: Students must obtain the consent of the instructor before enrolling in this course. IN is the integrated version of the course with the lecture and lab taught simultaneously.

Please see advisor for additional student success course options and/or prior learning assessment.

1. Identify circulatory/vascular anatomy, acceptable sites for sample collection, cellular components
2. Identify common venipuncture challenges 
3. Identify tube additives required for different types of tests and interfering substances, including those produced during the collection process.
4. Define basic medical terms, codes, ethical and legal issues related to phlebotomy, healthcare, laboratory departments, and testing.
5. Demonstrate appropriate use of equipment, collection tubes and order of draw for obtaining specimens using venipuncture, capillary collection, and point of care instruments (POC).
6. Demonstrate professional communication skills applicable to phlebotomy practice.
7. Improve critical thinking and organizational skills by attending class, completing assignments, participating in problem-solving and class discussions
8. Demonstrate good specimen collection technique while utilizing proper safety, HIPAA and regulatory compliance, and professional communication skills applicable to phlebotomy practice.

A. Role of phlebotomist in healthcare setting

B. Policies and procedures

C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability regulations

D. Ethical and legal issues

II. Quality Assurance Standards

A. Regulatory agencies

B.Standards and indicators

C. Infection control

D. Safety and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

E. Personal wellness

III. Medical Terminology

A. Key terms

B. Abbreviations and codes

IV. Anatomy

A. Human vascular anatomy

B. Identify veins and other blood vessels for blood collection

C. Blood composition and formed elements

D. Identify blood composition and formed elements

V. Blood Collection Procedures

A. Supplies

B. Equipment selection

C. Venipuncture

D. Capillary puncture

E. Blood cultures

VI. Patient preparation and identification

A. Vacuum tube additives

B. Order of draw

C. Proper specimen labeling

D. Special consideration

E. Therapeutic drug levels

F. Specimens for transfusion processing

VII. Variables

A. Pre-analytical errors

B. Restricted vascular access

C. Contamination

D. Special needs patients

E. Infants and small children

F. Problem sites

VIII. Computers and Specimen Processing

A. Laboratory information systems

B. Interfaces

C. Aliquot preparation

D. Delivery and storage

IX. Collection of samples, performing Point of Care (POC) Testing

A. Hemoglobin

B. Glucose

C. Coagulation

X. Alternate collection sites and procedures

A. Butterfly collections – hand, wrist, small veins

B. Adjusting a needle, failure to obtain specimen

C. Problem or difficult patients, restricted vascular access

PHY 107IN - Everyday Physics: How the World Works

4 Credits, 6 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 3 lab periods

Introduction to physics that explains everyday life, including Newton’s Laws; why things move; energy and its conservation; momentum in everyday life; waves and energy of oscillation; light and optics; electricity and magnetism; and modern physics, including atomic and nuclear processes.

 

2. Demonstrate an understanding of energy by more successfully applying the principles of energy conservation.

1. Describe the scientific method and the ways that we measure the physical world.
2. Identify the causes of motion and the forces of nature.
3. Apply the principles of conservation to describe the way that energy changes forms.
4. Apply conservation of momentum to collisions and interactions of bodies.
5. Describe the travel of energy through the mechanism of waves.
6. Apply principles of the electric energy to circuit analysis and motion of charges is space.
7. Describe the effects of the magnetic field on charged particles and currents.
8. Describe the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
9. Apply the principles of light travel to describe light travel through media and the formation of images.
10. Describe the composition of atoms and molecules.
11. Describe the evidence for the theory of quanta of energy and light.
12. Describe basic nuclear processes including fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

1. Nature of Physics
   1. What is reality?
   2. How do we model the physical world?
   3. Units and base quantities
2. What Causes Motion?
   1. Force, mass, and acceleration
   2. What is a field?
   3. How does nature store energy?
3. Momentum and Energy
   1. What is conserved?
   2. Collisions
   3. Energy in the universe
4. Charge and the Electric Force
   1. The electric field
   2. Energy in circuits
5. Light and Optics
   1. Light travels through air and optical materials
   2. Formation of images by lenses and mirrors
6. The Magnetic Force and Field
   1. Moving charges and the magnetic force
   2. Changing electric and magnetic field-the propagation of energy through EM waves
7. Modern Physics
   1. The atom
   2. The nucleus
   3. Nuclear processes
   4. Fusion and fission
   5. Special relativity

PHY 121IN - Introductory Physics I [SUN# PHY 1111]

1. Demonstrate improvement in critical thinking skills by more successfully predicting outcomes in situations involving force and motion.
2. Demonstrate understanding of force by predicting outcomes in various physical scenarios.
3. Evaluate graphical models of motion and apply mathematical models to predict outcomes.
4. Predict outcomes in situations involving work and energy, and apply conservation principles to solve typical real world problems.
5. Predict outcomes in situations involving impulse and momentum, and apply conservation principles to collisions or explosions.
6. Predict outcomes in situations involving heat and temperature, and apply energy principles to determine how the temperature of an object is affected by heat transfer.
7. Predict outcomes in situations involving pressure and fluids, apply buoyancy principles to analyze forces on submerged objects.

1. Use MKSA metric system of measurement in lab and in problem solving.
2. Use specific mathematics skills (powers of 10, trigonometric functions, vectors, simultaneous equations) to solve physics problems.
3. Identify and solve problems involving constant velocity and constant acceleration.
4. Apply kinematic equations to solve falling body problems.
5. Apply principles of algebra and kinematics to solve projectile problems.
6. Apply Newton’s three laws of motion and principles of kinematics to solve force (dynamics) problems.
7. Apply concepts of work and energy to solve problems in mechanics.
8. Apply concepts of momentum and impulse (including conservation) to solve collision and separation problems.
9. Apply concepts of rotational kinematics and dynamics to problems involving rotational motion.
10. Apply concepts of temperature and heat as energy to solve problems concerning the transfer of heat and effects of heat on systems.
11. Apply 1st and 2nd laws of Thermodynamics to systems to solve problems involving work, heat, and thermodynamic cycles.
12. Apply microscopic and macroscopic versions of gas laws to solve problems describing the behavior of gases.
13. Apply principles of fluid mechanics to solve problems related to fluids with special emphasis on Archimedes’ principle.
14. Apply principles of elasticity (Hooke’s Law) and equations to solve problems involving simple harmonic motion.

1. Nature of Physics
   1. Science and scientific method
   2. Fundamental and derived quantities
   3. Measurement and the metric system
   4. Math preparation
      1. Powers of ten
      2. Metric system
      3. Trig. introduction
      4. Vector addition and components
2. Linear Motion and Kinematics
   1. One dimensional kinematics
      1. Constant velocity motion
      2. Constant acceleration (kinematic eqns. falling bodies)
   2. Two dimensional kinematics
      1. Projectile motion
      2. Circular motion (optional)
3. Dynamics
   1. Newton’s laws of motion (force)
      1. Gravity - weight
      2. Friction
   2. Centripetal force (optional)
4. Work and Energy
   1. Physical definition of work
   2. Kinetic and potential energy
   3. Conservation of energy, work-energy theorem
5. Linear Momentum
   1. Impulse
   2. Conservation of linear momentum
      1. One dimension
      2. Two dimensions
   3. Ellastic and inelastic collisions
6. Rotational Motion (optional)
   1. Kinematics
   2. Dynamics
   3. Angular momentum
   4. Rotational work and energy
7. Heat
   1. Temperature and temperature scales
   2. Heat and energy
   3. Heat transfer
   4. Heat effects
   5. Laws of thermodynamics
8. States of Matter
   1. Gases
      1. Macroscopic description - gas laws
      2. Microscopic description - kinetic theory of gases
   2. Liquids
      1. Hydrostatics - Pascal’s, Archimedes’ principles
      2. Hydrodynamics - Bernoulli’s Principle, continuity
   3. Solids (optional)
      1. Elasticity - Hooke’s law
      2. Simple harmonic motion
9. Waves and Sound
   1. Wave description, model, equations
   2. Wave behavior, propagation, reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, polarization
   3. Sound characteristics and spectrum
   4. Wave intensity and intensity level
   5. Standing waves in strings and pipes
   6. Doppler effect

PHY 122IN - Introductory Physics II [SUN# PHY 1112]

1. Show improvement in the application of physical laws when analyzing natural phenomena and the interaction of physical objects.
2. Demonstrate understanding of electric and magnetic fields, and their interaction with matter, by predicting outcomes in various physical situations.
3. Apply knowledge of light and its interaction with lenses and mirrors to analyze optical systems.
4. Interpret atomic and nuclear processes, including quantum processes and the relationship between mass and energy.
5. Interpret the observations of modern physics as they apply to the nature of matter.

1. Apply principles of reflection to locate and describe images formed by plane and spherical mirrors.
2. Apply Snell’s law to problems involving refraction of light (including total internal reflection and critical angle problems).
3. Apply lensmaker’s equation and the thin lens formulas to solve problems where a single thin lens is used to form images.
4. Apply thin lens equation to solve problems involving correction of common vision defects.
5. Apply Coulomb’s law to find the net electrostatic force on a charged object due to a surrounding charge distribution.
6. Apply Coulomb’s law and the concept of electrostatic field strength to find the electrostatic field strength at a point due to a particular charge distribution.
7. Apply the concepts of potential at a point, potential energy, and potential difference to solve electric potential problems.
8. Apply Ohm’s law and the rules for series and parallel connections to find current, resistance, voltage, and power for an entire circuit or for a circuit element.
9. Apply Kirchhoff’s laws (rules) to solve multi-loop circuit problems.
10. Apply appropriate equations to calculate the force due to a magnetic field and magnetic field strength.
11. Apply appropriate equations to solve problems involving change in mass, length, time, total energy, kinetic energy, and momentum for objects moving at velocities near the velocity of light.
12. Apply E=mc2 to calculate the energy produced in nuclear reactions.
13. Use the description of the Bohr atom, the quantum numbers, and the Pauli exclusion principle to predict the electronic configuration of various elements.
14. Use the photoelectric effect equation to solve problems involving the emission of photoelectrons from metal surfaces.
15. Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to solve problems involving uncertainty in position and momentum (velocity) or time and energy.
16. Use the de Broglie wave equation to solve problems involving the wavelength associated with matter of mass “m” and velocity “v” or momentum “p”.
17. Use the principles of nuclear stability and structure to predict the stability and types of radiation emitted by a particular nuclide.
18. Use general decay equations to calculate half lives, decay constant, activities and masses for radioactive substances.

1. Light
   1. Geometric optics
      1. Reflection (plane and spherical mirrors)
      2. Refraction
         1. Snell’s law
         2. Total internal reflection
         3. Lenses
      3. Optical instruments – human eye
   2. Physical optics
2. Electricity
3. Electrostatics
   1. Coulomb’s law
   2. Electric field strength
   3. Electric potential
4. Electric current and circuits
   1. Ohm’s law
   2. Kirchhoff’s law
5. Magnetism and Electromagnetism
6. Relativity
   1. Special relativity
   2. General relativity
7. Atomic Physics
   1. Bohr model
   2. Four quantum numbers
   3. Pauli exclusion principle and periodic table
8. Quantum Physics
   1. Black body radiation
   2. Photo-electric effect
   3. Compton effect
9. Wave Mechanics
   1. Heisenberg uncertainty principle
   2. De Broglie wavelength
   3. Schrodinger equation
10. Nuclear Physics
    1. Structure and stability
    2. Nuclear strong force, quarks and gluons
    3. Reactions
       1. Thermonuclear
       2. Target
       3. Radioactivity
          1. Alpha, beta, gamma
          2. General decay equations

PHY 196 - Independent Studies in Physics

PHY 210IN - Introductory Mechanics [SUN# PHY 1121]

1. Show improvement in the application of physical laws when analyzing natural phenomena and the interaction of physical objects.
2. Demonstrate understanding of force by predicting outcomes in a variety of physical situations.
3. Evaluate graphical models of motion, and apply mathematical models to predict outcomes.
4. Predict outcomes in situations involving work and energy, and apply conservation principles to solve typical real world problems.
5. Predict outcomes in situations involving impulse and momentum, and apply conservation principles to collisions or explosions.

1. Use the meter-kilogram-second-ampere (MKSA) metric system of measurement in lab and in problem solving.
2. Use specific mathematics skills (powers of 10, trigonometric functions, vectors, simultaneous equations, differentiation and integration) to solve physics problems.
3. Identify and solve problems involving constant velocity and constant acceleration.
4. Apply kinematics equations to solve falling body problems.
5. Apply principles of algebra, calculus, and kinematics to solve projectile and circular motion problems.
6. Apply Newton’s three laws of motion and principles of kinematics to solve force (dynamics) problems.
7. Apply concepts of work and energy to solve problems in mechanics.
8. Apply concepts of momentum and impulse (including conservation) to solve collision and separation problems.
9. Apply concepts of rotational kinematics and dynamics to problems involving rotational motion.
10. Apply principles of conservation of energy and angular momentum to solve problems involving rotational motion.
11. Apply Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation to solve problems involving the Earth’s gravitational field and orbital and planetary motion.
12. Apply concepts of simple harmonic motion to a variety of applicable physical phenomena.

1. Nature of Physics
   1. Science and scientific method
   2. Fundamental and derived quantities
2. Linear Motion and Kinematics
   1. One dimensional kinematics
      1. Constant velocity motion
      2. Constant acceleration (kinematic equations – falling bodies)
   2. Two dimensional kinematics
      1. Vector addition and components
      2. Projectile motion
      3. Circular motion
3. Dynamics
   1. Newton’s laws of motion (force)
      1. Gravity – weight
      2. Friction
   2. Centripetal force
4. Work and Energy
   1. Physical definition of work
   2. Vector dot product
   3. Kinetic and potential energy
   4. Conservation of energy, work-energy theorem
5. Linear Momentum
   1. Impulse
   2. Conservation of linear momentum
      1. One dimension
      2. Two dimensions
6. Rotational Motion
   1. Vector cross product
   2. Kinematics
   3. Dynamics
   4. Angular momentum
   5. Rotational work and energy
7. Laws of Universal Gravitational
   1. The gravitational field
   2. Gravitational potential energy
   3. Planetary orbits
8. Simple Harmonic Motion
   1. Hooke’s law forces
   2. Position, velocity, and acceleration in simple harmonic motion
   3. Energy conservation in simple harmonic motion

PHY 216IN - Introductory Electricity and Magnetism [SUN# PHY 1131]

1. Show improvement in the application of physical laws when analyzing natural phenomena and the interaction of physical objects.
2. Demonstrate understanding of electric and magnetic fields, and their interaction with matter, by predicting outcomes in various physical situations.
3. Apply the principle of conservation of energy to systems of charged particles.
4. Apply conservation laws and the concepts of current and voltage to analyze and predict the behavior of electrical circuits.

1. Derive and apply Coulomb’s Law and the principle of vector superposition to find the net electrostatic force on a charged body.
2. Apply the concept of the electrostatic field and the principle of vector superposition to find the net electrostatic field at a point due to a surrounding charge distribution.
3. Apply the principles of infinite series expansion to approximate the electrostatic field at near and far points from a given charge distribution.
4. Derive and apply Gauss’s Law to find the electric field in various charge distributions.
5. Apply the concept of electric field flux for various charge configurations.
6. Derive and apply the concepts of potential, potential difference, and potential energy to solve potential theory problems.
7. Apply the principles of infinite series expansions to approximate the potential at near and far points from a given charge distribution.
8. Derive the principles of capacitance and the rules for determining the net charge, potential, and potential energy for various capacitive configurations.
9. Derive and apply the principles of electromotive force, current, and Ohm’s Law to various circuit problems.
10. Apply the principles of circuit theory and Kirchhoff’s Rules to find equivalent resistance, potential, and current in various single multi-loop circuit configurations.
11. Derive and apply the vector definition of the magnetic field.
12. Apply the definition of the magnetic field vector at various points in the vicinity of a current configuration.
13. Derive the appropriate equations to calculate the force due to a magnetic field on various current configurations.
14. Apply the Biot-Savart Law and Ampere’s Law to derive the net magnetic field vector at various points in the neighborhood of a charge current configuration.
15. Apply the principles of infinite series expansions to approximate the magnetic field at near and far points from a given charge current configuration.
16. Apply Faraday’s Law to derive the electromotive force in various circuit configurations in the neighborhood of a changing magnetic field.
17. Derive the equations for induced electric field, using Faraday’s Law, in the neighborhood of a changing magnetic field.
18. Derive the concept of a displacement current in terms of a changing electric field.
19. Derive and apply the magnetic properties of matter.
20. Derive and apply the principles of inductance including calculation of inductance in various current configurations, LR circuits, energy storage in a magnetic field, and electromagnetic oscillations.
21. Derive and apply the principles of inductance in alternating current circuits.
22. Derive and apply Maxwell’s Equations as the basic equations of electromagnetism.

1. Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law
   1. Electric charge, conductors, dielectrics
   2. Coulomb’s force law and discrete charge configurations
   3. Charge quantization
   4. The atomic model
2. The Electric Field
   1. Vector fields
   2. The electric field for discrete and continuous charge configurations
   3. The electric dipole
   4. Approximation of the derived electric fields at near and far points
   5. The electric dipole moment vector
3. Gauss’s Law
   1. The flux of a vector field
   2. Gauss’s law and the divergence theorem of Gauss
   3. The electric field for infinite sheets, cylinders, and spheres
4. Electric Potential
   1. Definition of electric potential
   2. Electric potential energy
   3. Calculating the electric potential from a field
   4. Potential due to discrete and continuous charge configurations
   5. Equipotential surfaces
   6. Calculating the field from a potential
   7. Approximating the potential for discrete and continuous charge distributions at near and far points
   8. Electrostatic generators
5. Capacitors and Dielectrics
   1. Definition of capacitance
   2. Calculating capacitance
   3. Equivalent capacitance
   4. Energy storage in an electric field
   5. Capacitors with a dielectric
   6. The atomic model and generalized Gauss’s law
   7. Three electric vectors
      1. The electric vector
      2. The displacement vector
      3. The polarization vector
6. Current and Resistance
   1. Electric current and current density
   2. Resistance, resistivity and conductivity
   3. Ohm’s law
   4. Electromotive force and energy transfer
   5. Equivalent resistance configurations
   6. Solving single and multi-loop circuits
   7. Measuring instruments and RC circuits
7. The Magnetic Field
   1. The definition of the magnetic field
   2. The magnetic force on free charges and currents
   3. Torque on a current loop and the magnetic dipole moment
   4. The Hall effect
8. Ampere’s Law and the Biot-Savart Law
   1. Applications of Biot-Savart and Ampere’s laws
   2. Lines of magnetic flux and Gauss’s law for magnetism
   3. Solenoids and toroids
   4. Electromagnetism and frames of reference
9. Faraday’s Law of Induction
   1. Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws
   2. Motional EMF
   3. Induced electric fields
   4. The betatron
   5. Induction and relative motion
10. Magnetic Properties of Matter (Optional)
    1. Atomic and nuclear magnetism
    2. Magnetization
    3. Magnetic materials
11. Inductance
    1. Calculating inductance
    2. LR circuits
    3. Energy storage in a magnetic field
    4. Electromagnetic oscillations
12. Alternating Current (Optional)
    1. Alternating current circuits
    2. LC and LRC circuits
    3. Power in AC circuits
13. Maxwell’s Equations
    1. The equations of electromagnetism
    2. Induced magnetic fields and the displacement current
    3. Maxwell’s equations and cavity oscillations
14. Electromagnetic Waves (Optional)
    1. The electromagnetic spectrum
    2. Generating an E-M wave
    3. Traveling waves and Maxwell’s equations
    4. Momentum and pressure of radiation

PHY 221IN - Introduction to Waves and Heat

1. Demonstrate improvements in critical thinking skills, including the application of physical laws to explain physical phenomena,
2. Describe, graph, and apply appropriate mathematical models to oscillatory motion, matter waves, and electromagnetic waves.
3. Analyze the thermodynamic state of a system using the concepts of heat, the ideal gas law, and the laws of thermodynamics.
4. Use principles of fluid mechanics (including Archimedes’ principle and Bernoulli’s equation) to predict outcomes.
5. Explain the interactions between energy and matter.
6. Apply the concepts of optical interference, diffraction, reflection, refraction, intensity, and image formation in lenses and mirrors to solve optics problems.

1. Apply the concepts of Newtonian mechanics to derive and apply the equations describing static fluids, including the concepts of mass density and pressure.
2. Apply the concepts from Newtonian mechanics to derive and apply Bernoulli’s equation, and the equation of continuity to streamline flow for fluids in motion.
3. Derive and apply the fundamental concepts of temperature, equations of state, thermal equilibrium, and the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics, and the ideal temperature scale.
4. Derive and apply the definition of heat, specific heat, and heat capacity, apply the principles of calorimetry, the mechanical equivalent of heat, heat transfer, work done on, and by a gas, and the coefficient of linear expansion.
5. Derive and apply the concept of internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics.
6. Derive and apply the basic equations from kinetic theory, including the kinetic calculation of pressure and temperature, the kinetic interpretation of temperature and internal energy, work done on and by, an ideal gas.
7. Define reversible and irreversible processes, derive the basic equations defining the reversible heat engine and refrigerator, derive and apply the basic equations describing the Carnot cycle, derive and apply the concept of entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics.
8. Derive the basic equation of motion describing the action of a linear restoring force on a mass, describe and apply the fundamental equations of simple harmonic motion, derive and describe the relationship between SHM, and uniform circular motion.
9. Derive and apply the basic equations describing energy in simple harmonic motion (SHM).
10. Derive and apply the basic equations of wave motion, describe mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves, derive and apply the speed of a traveling wave, the power, and the intensity of a traveling wave, and the interference of waves.
11. Derive and apply the basic equations describing double and single slit diffraction, and the basic equations describing intensity in double and single slit interference.
12. Apply the theory of wave reversibility upon reflection and transmission to wave interference.
13. Derive and apply the basic equations of wave reflection and refraction at plane surfaces, including the law of reflection and Snell’s law.
14. Derive and apply the basic first order equations of image formation by plane and spherically curved mirrors.
15. Derive and apply the basic first order equations of thin lenses, including image formation by plane and spherically curved refracting surfaces, including the tine lens formula.
16. Derive and apply the basic concepts of first order geometric optics for plane and spherically curved reflecting and refracting surfaces.

1. Fluid Statics
   1. Fluids and solids
   2. Mass density and pressure
   3. The pressure differential equation and the variation of pressure with depth in a static fluid
   4. Pascal’s and Archimedes’ principles
2. Fluid Dynamics
   1. General fluid flow
   2. Streamlines and the equation of continuity
   3. Bernoulli’s equation
   4. Applications of Bernoulli’s equation and the equation of continuity
   5. Fields of flow, viscosity, turbulence, and chaotic flow (optional)
3. Temperature
   1. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions
   2. Temperature and thermal equilibrium
   3. Temperature measurement and the ideal gas temperature scale
   4. Thermal expansion
4. Heat and First Law of Thermodynamics
   1. Definition of heat as energy in transit
   2. Heat capacity and specific heat
   3. Heat capacities and solids and ideal gases
   4. Work done by a gas
   5. Adiabatic, isothermal, isochoric, and isobaric processes
   6. Internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics
   7. Applications of the first law
   8. The transfer of heat and thermal conductivity
5. Kinetic Theory
   1. Microscopic and macroscopic interpretation
   2. Kinetic calculation of pressure
   3. Kinetic interpretation of temperature and the ideal gas law
   4. Kinetic theory and internal energy
   5. Kinetic theory and molar heat capacities Cp and Cv
6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
   1. Reversible and irreversible processes
   2. Heat engines, refrigerators, and the second law
   3. The Carnot cycle
   4. The definition of entropy
   5. The thermodynamic temperature scale
   6. Entropy and reversible and irreversible processes
   7. Entropy and probability
7. Oscillations and Simple Harmonic Motion
   1. Oscillating systems
   2. The linear restoring force and simple harmonic motion
   3. Energy considerations in simple harmonic motion
   4. Examples and applications of simple harmonic motion
   5. Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion
8. Wave Motion
   1. The dynamics of wave motion and the wave equation
   2. Solutions to the wave equation: traveling waves
   3. Types of mechanical waves: longitudinal and transverse
   4. Wave speed, wave number, period, and frequency of a traveling wave
   5. Power and intensity in wave motion
   6. The principle of superposition and wave interference
   7. Standing waves and resonance
   8. Mechanical and electromagnetic waves
9. Electromagnetic Waves and the Propagation of Light
   1. The electromagnetic spectrum and visible light
   2. Coherence and double-slit interference
   3. Phasor theory and the intensity in double-slit interference
   4. Optical reversibility and phase change upon reflection and transmission
   5. Thin film interference
10. Diffraction and Interference
    1. Diffraction and the wave theory of light
    2. Single-slit diffraction
    3. Intensity in single-slit diffraction
    4. Multiple slits and diffraction gratings
    5. Dispersion and resolving power (optional)
11. Reflection and Refraction at Plane Surfaces
    1. Reflection and refraction
    2. The law of reflection and Snell’s law of refraction
    3. Image formation by plane reflectors
    4. Image formation by plane refractive surfaces
12. Spherical Mirrors and Lenses
    1. Spherical mirrors and image formation, focal length and the first order of mirror equation
    2. Spherical refracting surfaces and first order lens equation
    3. Thin lenses
    4. Geometric optics and ray diagrams
    5. Compound optical systems and optical instruments (optional)

PHY 295LB - Independent Research in Physics

1. Conduct independent scientific research.
2. Demonstrate proper laboratory techniques in the research area selected.
3. Demonstrate accuracy and appropriate data collecting skills in research.
4. Write a scientific research paper based on data obtained during the research project.
5. Discuss personal views concerning a career in science.

1. Independent Research to be Determined by the Student and Instructor
2. Scientific Paper Based on Research Goals
3. Evaluation of Career Goals 

POS 100 - Introduction to Politics

1. Distinguish between different types of government (constitutional democracy, authoritarian, totalitarian).
2. Identify key features of American government.

1. Explain what the terms “politics” and “political science” mean as well as subfields of political science.
2. Identify key political philosophers and political ideologies.
3. Identify features of political development.
4. Comprehend key elements of political socialization, interest aggregation, and political participation.
5. Classify governments by forms of rule and political structure and give contemporary examples of each.
6. Identify key features of American government.
7. Identify and explain conceptual approaches, patterns, and trends in international relations.

1. Politics and Political Science
   1. Definitions and distinctions
   2. Political science and its subfields
2. Political Philosophy and Ideology
   1. Overview of political philosophy through the ages
      1. Ancient political thought
      2. Early and late modern political thought
      3. Modern and contemporary political thought
   2. Political ideologies
      1. Ideologies and utopias
      2. Examples of ideologies
         1. Fascism
         2. Communism
         3. Anarchism
         4. Liberalism
         5. Conservatism
         6. Other ideologies
3. Comparative Politics
   1. Classifying governments
      1. Forms of rule
         1. Totalitarianism
         2. Authoritarianism
         3. Liberal democracy
            1. Direct democracy
            2. Representative democracy
4. Presidential systems
5. Parliamentary systems
6. Representatives: trustees or delegates
7. Political structures
   1. Vertical structures: levels of government and their powers
      1. Unitary states
      2. Federal states
      3. Confederations
   2. Horizontal structures: policymaking institutions
      1. Executive
      2. Legislative
      3. Judiciary
      4. Bureaucracy
   3. Linkage institutions
      1. Parties
      2. Interest groups
      3. Elections, including different electoral systems
      4. Media
8. Brief case studies of selected countries
   1. Global North
   2. Global South
9. Overview of the American National Government
   1. Beliefs and principles of America’s founders
   2. Political system and structure
   3. Historical evolution
   4. Civil rights and liberties
10. International Relations
    1. Approaches to international relations
       1. Historical overview
       2. Realism
       3. Liberalism/idealism
       4. Other approaches
    2. Levels of analysis
       1. Individual
       2. State
       3. Global/system historical and conceptual overview
          1. Unipolar
          2. Bipolar
          3. Multipolar
    3. Actors in the international system
       1. Sovereign states
       2. Nongovernmental actors
          1. International interest groups
          2. Multinational corporations
          3. Terrorist organizations
       3. Intergovernmental organizations
          1. Global
          2. Regional
          3. Single/multipurpose
    4. Patterns of interaction
       1. Cooperation
       2. Competition
       3. Conflict
       4. War
    5. Global trends
       1. Promise and limits of international law
       2. Democratization
          1. Short term
          2. Long term
       3. Globalization’s future
          1. End of history
          2. Clash of civilizations

POS 196 - Independent Study in Political Science

1. Identify areas of individual study.
2. Demonstrate an ability to develop objectives for political science projects.
3. Demonstrate the ability to gather additional data and information in a specific political science area.
4. Demonstrate an ability to develop a series of activities which meet the objectives of the project.
5. Produce a body of work which represents in-depth research.

POS 201 - American National Government and Politics [SUN# POS 1110]

1. Identify and describe the functions of the three constitutional branches of American government.
2. Differentiate between unitary, federal, and confederal systems of government.

1. Describe different approaches to political analysis.
2. Describe American political culture and some of the major ideological belief systems in American politics.
3. Differentiate federalism from unitary and confederal government, and explain its evolution.
4. Describe the Constitution, civil liberties, and civil rights, and how their evolution has impacted different groups of Americans.
5. Explain demographic change in the U.S. and its political implications.
6. Identify different linkage institutions and explain how they set the political agenda.
7. Describe the institutions of government and what they do.
8. Explain the politics of taxing and spending and the rise of the social welfare state.

1. Introduction to Political Science and Approaches to Political Analysis
   1.  Pluralism
   2.  Elite and Class Theory
   3.  Hyperpluralism
2. American Political Culture and Ideologies
   1. The American Creed
   2. Experiences of different demographic groups including Native Americans, African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, White ethnics, immigrants, women, sexual minorities, and the poor
   3. Liberals, conservatives, and other ideological groupings
3. Federalism
   1. Federal, confederal, and unitary systems
   2. Evolution of American federalism
4. Constitution, Civil Liberties, and Civil Rights
   1. Origin and evolution of the Constitution, including formal and informal constitutional change
   2. Separation of powers and checks and balances
   3. The Bill of Rights and its application to the states
   4. Civil Liberties, including freedom of speech, religion, right to bear arms, criminal justice, and privacy
   5. Civil Rights, including the struggle for equality of different groups and the debate over equality of opportunity versus equality of results
5. Demography: The Census, Public Opinion and Participation
   1. The changing demography of the United States and its political implications
   2. Socialization process and opinion formation
   3. Polling
   4. Different forms of political participation, and different levels of participation among different demographic groups
6. Linkage Institutions
   1. The Media
   2. Interest groups
   3. Political parties
   4. Elections
7. Institutions of Government
   1. Legislative Branch
   2. Executive Branch
   3. Judicial Branch
   4. The Bureaucracy
8. The Budget and selected policy areas
   1. The Budget: politics of taxing and spending
   2. Social welfare policymaking
   3. Other selected policy areas

POS 202 - Introduction to International Relations [SUN# POS 1120]

1. Identify and describe key differences between a realist and a liberal/idealist approach to international relations.
2. Differentiate between the individual, state, and global levels of analysis.

1. Describe the various approaches to the study of international relations.
2. Differentiate a number of historic and contemporary international systems.
3. Describe key actors in the international system.
4. Explain various aspects of globalization.
5. Examine the major forms of interactions between state and nonstate actors.

1. Approaches to the Study of International Relations
   1. Theories and Critiques
      1. Realism and Neorealism
      2. Liberalism/Idealism and Neoliberalism
      3. Constructivism
      4. Critical Theories: Marxism, Dependency Theory, and Feminism
   2. Levels of Analysis
      1. Individual level
      2. State level
      3. System level
   3. Theories of International Decision Making
      1. Different decision making models
      2. Domestic and international determinants of foreign policy
2. Evolution of the International System
   1. Historic international systems
   2. Major Great Power Wars and Cycles
   3. Unipolarity, bipolarity, and multipolarity
   4.    Features of the contemporary global system
   5. The Global North and the Global South (and the Global East?)
3. Actors in the International System
   1. Sovereign States
   2. Nonstate Actors
      1. Intergovernmental Organizations: Global, Regional, Single Purpose, Multipurpose
      2. Nongovernmental Organizations: Ethnonational movements and indigenous populations, transnational religious movements, humanitarian and other issue advocacy groups, multinational corporations
      3. Other nonstate actors: international terrorist groups and criminal organizations
4. Causes of Armed Conflict at different levels of analysis
   1. Individual Level: Is war inherent in human nature or due to individual leaders?
   2. State level: what internal characteristics of states make wars more or less likely?
   3. Global level: what factors at the global level inhibit or enhance the likelihood of war?
5. Realist and Liberal Approaches to Peace
   1. Different military and diplomatic strategies for preserving peace/preventing war
   2. Arms races, types of weapons, trends in weaponry, and the global arms trade
   3. Alliances: part of the problem or of the solution?
   4. Balance of power
   5. Arms control and disarmament
   6. Collective security: regional and international IGOs
   7. International law, just war theory, and enforcement of human rights norms
6. Globalization
   1. Globalization of Finance and the international monetary system
   2. Globalization of Trade and competing trade strategies
   3. Globalization of Production
   4. Globalization of Labor
   5. Global Migration patterns and trends
7. Global Environmental Challenges and Responses
   1. Climate Change and its winners and losers
   2. The politics of fossil fuels and other forms of energy
   3. Sustainable development

POS 203 - Introduction to Political Ideas

1. Identify key figures in the history of Western political thought and explain their core ideas.

1. Discuss political philosophy and the key questions it seeks to address.
2. Identify key figures in ancient political thought and explain their core ideas.
3. Identify key figures in medieval political thought and explain their core ideas.
4. Identify key figures in early modern political thought and explain their core ideas.
5. Identify key figures in late modern and recent political thought and explain their core ideas.

1. Intensive Writing and Critical Inquiry
   1. Producing written discourse in more than one assignment through papers, reports, quizzes, tests, etc., which includes a minimum word standard of 3000 words.
   2. Written assignments emphasize critical inquiry which includes the gathering, interpreting, and evaluating of evidence.
   3. Includes a formal out of class paper of at least 1,500 words which requires critical inquiry and where the writer develops and supports a main idea.  
   4. Explicit writing instruction with timely feedback to help students improve their writing and critical inquiry skills is part of the course’s content.
   5. The evaluation of written assignments must include the overall quality of written work and critical inquiry, as measured by a rubric.
   6. At least 50% of the student’s grade must be based on the written work and critical inquiry assignments.
2. Political Philosophy as a Discipline
   1. Political philosophy as a discipline
   2. What is Human Nature?
      1. Nature versus nurture
      2. Reason and revelation
   3. What is right and justice?
      1. Natural right and law
      2. Convention and power
      3. Other approaches
   4. What is the good regime?
      1. Good society
      2. Good government
      3. Basis of legitimacy
   5. Liberty and Equality
3. Ancient Political Thought
   1. Plato
   2. Aristotle
   3. Other thinkers
4. Medieval Political Thought
   1. St. Augustine
   2. St. Thomas Aquinas
   3. Marsilius of Padua
   4. Other Thinkers
5. Early Modern Political Thought
   1. Niccolo Machiavelli
   2. Francis Bacon
   3. Thomas Hobbes
   4. John Locke
   5. Other thinkers
6. Late Modern Political Thought
   1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
   2. Publius
   3. Alexis de Tocqueville
   4. John Stuart Mill
   5. Karl Marx
   6. Other thinkers
7. Postmodern and Contemporary Political Thought
   1. Friedrich Nietzsche
   2. Modern liberalism and conservatism
   3. Feminism
   4. Selected contemporary thinkers

POS 204 - Introduction to Comparative Politics [SUN# POS 2204]

1. Identify and describe key structural differences between presidential and parliamentary democracies.
2. Differentiate between different electoral systems.

1. Describe the basic methods associated with the study of comparative politics.
2. Explain the difference between states and nations.
3. Describe the process of development.
4. Differentiate between democratic and nondemocratic political systems.
5. Explain the difference between different types of democratic systems, such a presidential versus parliamentary and unitary versus federal.
6. Discuss the importance of constitutions, political culture, and ideologies.
7. Explain what different governmental institutions do.
8. Explain different interest group, party, and electoral systems.
9. Illustrate the above utilizing case studies from a variety of countries.

1. Positivist versus normative approaches
2. The comparative method
3. Theories, hypotheses, and evidence

1. States, Nations, Revolution, and Development
   1. States and failed states
   2. Nations, nation states, multinational states, and ethno-national conflict
   3. Revolutions and other forms of political violence
   4. Development: what is it, and how do we measure it?
2. Democratic and Nondemocratic Systems
   1. Direct and representative democracy
   2. Presidential versus parliamentary democracies
   3. Unitary, federal, and confederal systems
   4. Authoritarian political systems
   5. Totalitarian political systems
   6. Transition in regime type
3. Constitutions, Constitutionalism, Political Culture, and Ideologies
   1. What is a constitution, and how is it different from a law?
   2. Written and unwritten constitutions, and constitutionalism
   3. The importance of political cultures
   4. Ideologies in modern politics
4. Governmental Institutions
   1. Legislatures
   2. Executives
   3. Courts
   4. Bureaucracies
5. Interest Aggregation, Linkage Institutions, and Electoral Systems
   1. Interest groups
   2. Political parties and party systems
   3. Elections and electoral systems
6. Case studies of selected countries with various political systems from around the world

POS 210 - National and State Constitutions

1. Identify and describe the functions of the three constitutional branches of American national government.
2. Identify and describe elements of direct democracy in the Arizona Constitution.

1. Explain the principles of American constitutionalism. 
2. Discuss the historical and legal environments that led to the creation of the United States and Arizona constitutions.
3. Describe the structures, powers, and responsibilities of United States government.
4. Describe the structures of Arizona government.
5. Discuss the liberties and rights of individuals.
6. Discuss the formal and informal means of constitutional change.
7. Give examples of direct democracy in the Arizona Constitution not present in the United States Constitution.

1. Major Principles of American and Arizona Constitutionalism
   1.    Popular Sovereignty
   2.    Limited Government
   3.    Separation of Powers
   4.    Checks and balances
2. Historical and Legal Environments of United States and Arizona Constitutions
   1.  Definition of Politics and Government
   2.  Drafting and Ratification of the United States Constitution
   3.  Creation and Adoption of the Arizona Constitution
3. Structures, Powers, Functions, and Responsibilities of United States Government
   1.  Legislature: Congress
   2.  Executive: President
   3.  Judiciary: Federal Courts
4. Structures of Arizona Government
   1. Arizona Legislature
   2. Arizona Plural Executive
   3. Arizona Judiciary
5. Forms of Direct Democracy in Arizona
   1. Initiative
   2. Referendum
   3. Recall
6. Civil Liberties and Civil Rights in the United States
   1. Bill of Rights and Civil Liberties
   2. Nationalization of the Bill of Rights
   3. Fourteenth Amendment and Civil Rights
   4. What is Equal Protection of the Law?
7. Constitutional Change
   1. The Amendment Process at the National and State Levels
      1. Amending the United States Constitution
      2. Amending the Arizona Constitution
   2. Judicial Interpretation and Review in the United States and Arizona
   3. Legislation Interpretation
   4. Executive and Administrative Interpretation

POS 231 - American State and Local Governments and Politics

1. Explain the concept of a plural executive found in most state constitutions, including Arizona’s.
2. Differentiate between unitary, federal, and confederal systems of government. 

1. Describe the comparative method of political analysis.
2. Discuss federalism and its evolution.
3. Explain the impact of demographic change on state and local politics.
4. Discuss common features of state constitutions and direct versus representative democracy in the states.
5. Discuss differences in voter turnout and other forms of participation in state and local politics.
6. Explain the evolution of civil rights policy at the state and local level.
7. Differentiate between different electoral systems and explain the impact of nonpartisanship
8. Describe the various structure and institutions of state and local government.
9. State the basic features of tribal governments.
10. Describe state and local policymaking in select policy areas.

1. Methods of Political Analysis
   1.  Methods of inquiry
   2. Comparative approach
2. Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations
   1. Federalism
   2. Evolution of federalism
   3. Intergovernmental relations
   4. Policy responsibilities of the states
   5. States as policy laboratories and judicial federalism
3. Cultural and Demographic Diversity in State and Local Politics
   1. Demographic diversity and transition
   2. State political cultures and identity politics
   3. Political subcultures
4. Democracy and Constitutionalism in the States
   1. State Constitutions and constitutionalism
   2. Similarities and differences between the state and federal constitutions
   3. Representative and direct democracy in the sates
5. Civil Rights in the States
   1. Battles over segregation
   2. Urban riots
   3. Voting rights, education, and housing,
   4. Equal opportunity and affirmative action
6. Political Participation in State and Local Politics
   1. Impacts of race, ethnicity, gender, age, and social class on participation and socialization
   2. Voter turnout in state and local elections
   3. Policy impacts of demographic change
   4. Conventional and unconventional participation (protest, civil disobedience, political violence)
   5. Interest groups
7. Electoral Systems, Parties, Nonpartisanship, and Campaigns
   1. Different electoral systems
   2. Party competition
   3. Nonpartisanship
   4. Campaigns in state and local politics
8. Institutions and Processes of State and Local Governments
   1. State Government
      1. Legislature and lawmaking process
      2. Governors and other executive officeholders
      3. Courts judicial process
      4. Bureaucracy, patronage, and reform
   2. Local Governments
      1. County government
      2. Municipal governments
      3. Special districts
      4. Metropolitan fragmentation versus consolidation
      5. Elite and pluralist models of power
9. Tribal Governments
   1. Evolution of federal policy regarding Native Americans
   2. Legal status and extent of sovereignty of federally recognized tribes
   3. Structures of tribal government
10. State and Local Policymaking
    1. Criminal Justice
    2. Education
    3. Social welfare
    4. Other policy areas

POS 240 - Understanding Terrorism

1. Define terrorism.
2. Classify types of terrorism.
3. Identify some typical responses to terrorism.

1. Define terrorism, including its origins, evolution, types, and causes.
2. Classify types of terrorism.
3. Analyze the evolution of terrorist tactics and strategies.
4. Analyze the cultural and geographical relationships to terrorism.
5. Discuss possible responses to terrorism, including their relationships to civil liberties.
6. Discuss the future of terrorism, including its impact on international relations and domestic security planning.
7. Review definitive works on terrorism relating to historical events in the United States.

1. Terrorism Definitions and Perspectives
   1. Introduction to terrorism
   2. Definition(s)
   3. Origins-its roots
   4. Evolution-political and cultural manifestations
   5. Types
   6. Causes
2. Classifications of Terrorism
   1. State terrorism
   2. Dissident terrorism
   3. Ethnonational/separatist terrorism
   4. Class struggle: the terrorist left
   5. Race and order: the terrorist right
   6. For faith and profit: religious and criminal terrorism
   7. Insurgency and terrorist tactics
3. Cultural and Geographic Issues
   1. Terrorism and the Muslim world
   2. Terrorism in Europe
   3. Terrorism in the developing world
   4. Terrorism and the United States
4. Responses by Governments to Terrorism
   1. Options available for responses
   2. Counter-terrorism in a democratic society
   3. United Nations and global response to terrorism
   4. U.S. foreign policy, the War on Terror, and national security strategy
   5. U.S. security policies and civil liberties
5. Future Impact on Terrorism
   1. Changes in international relations
   2. Long range plans for preventing terror attacks
   3. Domestic security
   4. Post 9/11 world order
6. Current Government Reports on Terrorism
   1. The foundation of the “new terrorism”
   2. Foresight and hindsight
   3. What to do?  A global strategy
   4. How to do it?  A different way of organizing the government
   5. Who’s job is it?
   6. The 9/11 Commission Report or other current documents

POS 290 - Political Science Internship

3 Credits, 9 Contact Hours
0 lecture periods 9 lab periods

Supervised internship in a governmental or other political office. Includes placement with elected officials or candidates for public office, city, county, state, or federal governmental agencies, and advocacy groups. Also includes substantive assignments involving development and application of analytical, research and writing skills.

Prerequisite(s): WRT 101  
Information: Completion of 6 credit hours of Political Science courses are required before enrolling in this course. May take course a maximum of three times for a total of nine credit hours. If the course is repeated, see a financial aid or Veteran’s Affairs advisor to determine funding eligibility as appropriate.

1. Exhibit appropriate workplace behaviors.
2. Apply discipline specific knowledge and skills.
3. Follow written and oral instructions.
4. Initiate and complete assigned responsibilities.

II. Select appropriate office(s) to match student interests

III. Obtain an internship placement and agree on learning plan

IV. Perform internship responsibilities as agreed and assigned (minimum of 135 hours)

V. Keep and submit (to faculty supervisor) internship journal and term paper, and obtain on-site supervisor evaluations as required

VI. Discuss and evaluate internship experience with the faculty supervisor

PN 861 - Introduction to Practical Nursing

1. [Leadership] Recognize the behavior of individuals or groups within nursing practice and the health care environment in a way that facilitates the achievement of shared goals.
2. [Teamwork and Collaboration] Describe scopes of practice and roles of other health care team members who help a patient/family achieve health goals utilizing specific delivery care models.
3. [Professionalism] Demonstrate behaviors that are consistent with standards of professional nursing practice.
4. [Communication] Discuss and begin to use principles of effective communication, verbal and non-verbal, as part of developing therapeutic communication
5. [Evidence-Based Practice] Define evidence-based practice and its relationship to clinical decision-making as a safe practitioner.
6. [Informatics] Discuss and describe how information and technology are used to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error and support decision-making.
7. [Patient-Centered Care] Explain physical, psychological, social, and spiritual elements of patient-centered care.
8. [Quality Improvement] Recognize how data is used to monitor the outcomes of care processes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems.
9. [Safety] Recognize risk potential for patients and providers.
10. [Systems-Based Practice] Identify various health care delivery settings and systems

PN 872 - Practical Nursing A

1. [Leadership] Analyze the behaviors and processes that facilitate the achievement of shared goals within nursing practice and the health care environment.
2. [Teamwork and Collaboration] Describe examples of the impact of team functioning on safety and quality of care.
3. [Professionalism] Differentiate professional behaviors and standards of practice in caring for the adult patient.
4. [Communication] Analyze the principles of teaching and learning and influences of different learning styles on patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
5. [Evidence-Based Practice] Utilize evidence-based concepts of nursing practice across the health care continuum to ensure quality patient-centered care.
6. [Informatics] Utilize technology and information management tools to support clinical practice and document patient care.
7. [Patient-Centered Care] Describe basic principles of consensus building and conflict resolution.
8. [Quality Improvement] Analyzes data to monitor the outcomes of care processes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems.
9. [Safety] Models behaviors to minimize risk of harm to patients and providers.
10. [Systems-Based Practice] Participate in identifying system errors.

PN 874 - Practical Nursing B

1. [Leadership] Analyze the behaviors and processes that facilitate the achievement of shared goals within nursing practice and the health care environment.
2. [Teamwork and Collaboration] Describe examples of the impact of team functioning on safety and quality of care.
3. [Professionalism] Differentiate professional behaviors and standards of practice in caring for the adult patient.
4. [Communication] Analyze the principles of teaching and learning and influences of different learning styles on patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
5. [Evidence-Based Practice] Utilize evidence-based concepts of nursing practice across the health care continuum to ensure quality patient-centered care.
6. [Informatics] Utilize technology and information management tools to support clinical practice and document patient care.
7. [Patient-Centered Care] Describe basic principles of consensus building and conflict resolution.
8. [Quality Improvement] Analyzes data to monitor the outcomes of care processes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems.
9. [Safety] Models behaviors to minimize risk of harm to patients and providers.
10. [Systems-Based Practice] Participate in identifying system errors.

PN 882 - Maternal-Child Nursing for Practical Nurse

1. [Teamwork and Collaboration] Explain how the nurse may establish a therapeutic relationship with individuals and families by identifying effective communication techniques and barriers to communication.
2. [Communication] Utilize communication strategies that assist in effectively communicating with patients, families and colleagues.
3. [Professionalism] Apply professional behaviors and standards of practice in caring for children and families.
4. [Systems-Based Practice] Work in inter-professional teams to enhance patient safety and improve patient care quality.
5. [Quality Improvement] Applies data to monitor the outcomes of care processes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems.
6. [Safety] Demonstrates behavior to minimize risk of harm to patients and providers.
7. [Evidence-Based Practice] Apply qualitative and quantitative research as a foundation for evidence-based nursing practice.
8. [Informatics] Demonstrate use of electronic medical record and other clinical technology and information management tools.
9. [Leadership] Identifies the behaviors and processes that facilitate the achievement of shared goals within nursing practice and the healthcare environment.
10. [Patient-Centered Care] Discuss approaches to empower respectful, compassionate and holistic care based on individual and family needs.

PN 887 - Pediatric Nursing for the Practical Nurse

1. [Teamwork and Collaboration] Utilize communication strategies that assist in effectively communicating with patients, families and colleagues
2. [Communication] Explain how the nurse may establish a therapeutic relationship with individuals and families by identifying effective communication techniques and barriers to communication.
3. [Professionalism] Apply professional behaviors and standards of practice in caring for children and families.
4. [Systems-Based Practice] Work in inter-professional teams to enhance patient safety and improve patient care quality.
5. [Quality Improvement] Applies data to monitor the outcomes of care processes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems.
6. [Safety] Demonstrates behavior to minimize risk of harm to patients and providers.
7. [Evidence-Based Practice] Apply qualitative and quantitative research as a foundation for evidence-based nursing practice.
8. [Informatics] Demonstrate use of electronic medical record and other clinical technology and information management tools.
9. [Leadership] Identifies the behaviors and processes that facilitate the achievement of shared goals within nursing practice and the healthcare environment.
10. [Patient-Centered Care] Discuss approaches to empower respectful, compassionate and holistic care based on individual and family needs.

PN 890 - Transition to Practice for the Practical Nurse

1. [Leadership] Implement the behaviors and processes that facilitate the achievement of shared goals within nursing practice and the healthcare environment.
2. [Teamwork and Collaboration] Collaborate with the health care team to provide safe and quality of care.
3. [Professionalism] Demonstrate professional behaviors and standards of practice for the Practical Nurse including scope of practice.
4. [Communication] Develop successful verbal and written skills for career preparation as a Licensed Practical Nurse.
5. [Evidence-Based Practice] Utilize evidence-based concepts of nursing practice across the health care continuum to ensure quality patient-centered care.
6. [Informatics] Utilize technology and information management tools to support clinical practice and document patient care.
7. [Patient-Centered Care] Integrate basic principles of consensus building and conflict resolution.
8. [Quality Improvement] Analyzes data to monitor the outcomes of care processes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems.
9. [Safety] Models behaviors to minimize risk of harm to patients and providers.
10. [Systems-Based Practice] Participate in identifying system errors.

PSY 101 - Introduction to Psychology [SUN# PSY 1101]

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Survey of psychology including history, perspectives, and methods; structure and functions of the nervous and endocrine systems; development; perception; learning; memory; intelligence, thinking and language; motivation and emotion; personality; psychopathology; psychotherapy; stress and health; and social cognition and behavior.

Gen-Ed: Meets AGEC - SBS; Meets CTE - SBS.

2.     Demonstrate knowledge of major psychological concepts and theories by identifying major theorists and describing the basic tenets of major theories and concepts in the subfields of psychology.

3.     Demonstrate how the material learned within the course is relevant to today’s world and explain, through current applications, how psychological concepts could be applied to everyday life, relationships, and interactions with others.

1. Describe the history of psychology, including psychological perspectives and research methods.
2. Explain how the nervous system and other biological systems influence behavior.
3. Summarize the stages and major theories of life span development.
4. Describe the processes of perceptual organization and interpretation.
5. Compare and contrast the major learning theories.
6. Discuss memory formation, retention and loss.  Explain how memory can be improved.
7. Elucidate the connections between thinking, language, and intelligent behavior.
8. Summarize the major concepts of motivation and emotion and how they relate to behavior.
9. Compare and contrast the major personality theories.
10. Describe the characteristics and causal factors associated with major psychological disorders.
11. Identify and discuss the theoretical underpinnings of approaches to psychotherapy.
12. Describe the stress process and explain the interaction between stress and health.
13. Appraise social psychology research findings related to social thought, behavior, and relations.

1. History, Systems, and Methods
   1. Major events in psychology’s history
   2. Psychological perspectives
   3. Observational, correlational, and experimental methods
2. Biological Basis of Behavior
   1. Brain and the nervous system structures and functions
   2. Overview of endocrine system
3. Development
   1. Infancy and childhood
   2. Adolescence and adulthood
4. Perception
   1. Perceptual organization
   2. Perceptual interpretation
5. Learning
   1. Classical and operant conditioning
   2. Observational learning
6. Memory
   1. Information processing, storage, retrieval, and forgetting
   2. Memory improvement strategies
7. Intelligence, Thinking and Language
   1. Intelligence:  Source, structure, assessment, and controversy
   2. Thinking, problem solving, and decision making
   3. Processes of language development and thought
8. Motivation and Emotion
   1. Biological and psychological motives and drives
   2. Experiencing and expressing emotion
9. Personality
   1. Theories of personality development
   2. Personality assessment
10. Psychopathology
    1. Psychopathology: Definitions, classifications, and assessments
    2. Major categories and types of disordered behavior
11. Psychotherapy
    1. Perspectives and approaches to psychotherapy
    2. Biomedical therapies
12. Stress and Health
    1. Experiencing and reacting to stress
    2. Reducing and coping with stress
13. Social Psychology
    1. Social thinking and influences
    2. Social relations

PSY 101HC - Introduction to Psychology: Honors

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Survey of psychology including history, perspectives, and methods; structure and functions of the nervous and endocrine systems; development; perception; learning; memory; intelligence, thinking and language; motivation and emotion; personality; psychopathology; psychotherapy; stress and health; and social cognition and behavior. Also may include the following Honors Content: Intensive research using highest standards and best practices for the discipline, and a significant number/variety of readings of both primary and secondary sources; “publishable quality”, peer reviewed paper or project in format appropriate for this discipline: presentation of research, in class or to a wider audience.

Gen-Ed: Meets AGEC - SBS; Meets CTE - SBS.

2.     Demonstrate knowledge of major psychological concepts and theories by identifying major theorists and describing the basic tenents of major theories and concepts in the subfields of psychology.

3.     Demonstrate how the material learned within the course is relevant to today’s world and explain, through current applications, how psychological concepts could be applied to everyday life, relationships, and interactions with others.

1. Describe the history of psychology, including psychological perspectives and research methods.
2. Explain how the nervous system and other biological systems influence behavior.
3. Summarize the stages and major theories of life span development.
4. Describe the processes of perceptual organization and interpretation.
5. Compare and contrast the major learning theories.
6. Discuss memory formation, retention and loss.  Explain how memory can be improved.
7. Elucidate the connections between thinking, language, and intelligent behavior.
8. Summarize the major concepts of motivation and emotion and how they relate to behavior.
9. Compare and contrast the major personality theories.
10. Describe the characteristics and causal factors associated with major psychological disorders.
11. Identify and discuss the theoretical underpinnings of approaches to psychotherapy.
12. Describe the stress process and explain the interaction between stress and health.
13. Appraise social psychology research findings related to social thought, behavior, and relations.

1. History, Systems, and Methods
   1. Major events in psychology’s history
   2. Psychological perspectives
   3. Observational, correlational, and experimental methods
2. Biological Basis of Behavior
   1. Brain and the nervous system structures and functions
   2. Overview of endocrine system
3. Development
   1. Infancy and childhood
   2. Adolescence and adulthood
4. Perception
   1. Perceptual organization
   2. Perceptual interpretation
5. Learning
   1. Classical and operant conditioning
   2. Observational learning
6. Memory
   1. Information processing, storage, retrieval, and forgetting
   2. Memory improvement strategies
7. Intelligence, Thinking and Language
   1. Intelligence:  Source, structure, assessment, and controversy
   2. Thinking, problem solving, and decision making
   3. Processes of language development and thought
8. Motivation and Emotion
   1. Biological and psychological motives and drives
   2. Experiencing and expressing emotion
9. Personality
   1. Theories of personality development
   2. Personality assessment
10. Psychopathology
    1. Psychopathology: Definitions, classifications, and assessments
    2. Major categories and types of disordered behavior
11. Psychotherapy
    1. Perspectives and approaches to psychotherapy
    2. Biomedical therapies
12. Stress and Health
    1. Experiencing and reacting to stress
    2. Reducing and coping with stress
13. Social Psychology
    1. Social thinking and influences
    2. Social relations

PSY 132 - Psychology and Culture

1. Define culture, race, ethnicity, nationality, multiculturalism, and ethnocentrism.
2. Identify research methods used in cross-cultural psychology and the special challenges involved in cross-cultural research.
3. Describe how culture influences the development of personality, self-identity, and group identity.
4. Describe how culture influences basic psychological processes such as perception, emotion, communication, memory, and cognition.
5. Compare how variations in marriage and family structure and health care systems supporting physical and mental health impact global health and well-being.
6. Describe guidelines for positive interactions in a work, school, and home setting in a multicultural world.

PSY 214 - Abnormal Psychology

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the continuous nature of normal and abnormal behavior.                                                                                                                                                           
2. Discuss the history of the field of abnormal psychology.
3. Distinguish between the basic theoretical models in the field.
4. Describe the diagnostic process.
5. Identify the symptoms of psychological disorders, as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (current edition), DSM-5 as of Spring 2013.
6. Describe the various treatment approaches for psychological disorders, including psychopharmacology.
7. Describe the effects of genetic and biological factors on the development of psychological disorders.
8. Demonstrate increased understanding of people experiencing psychological disorders.
9. Identify and discuss social, legal, and cultural issues related to mental health.

1. History, Theoretical Models, and Practice                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
   1. Historical background and development of the field
   2. Theoretical models
      1. Psychodynamic
      2. Cognitive
      3. Behavioral
      4. Humanistic
      5. Biological and pharmacological
      6. Sociocultural
   3. Assessment and diagnosis
2. Anxiety and Mood Disorders
   1. Anxiety disorders
   2. Mood disorders
   3. Stress
   4. Suicide
3. Mind and Body Disorders
   1. Psychosocial factors in physical disorders
   2. Eating disorders
   3. Substance-related disorders
   4. Sexual and gender identity disorders
4. Psychosis and Cognitive Functioning Disorders
   1. Schizophrenia
   2. Dissociative disorders
   3. Memory disorders
5. Life-span Disorders
   1. Personality disorder
   2. Childhood disorders
   3. Disorders of aging 

PSY 215 - Human Sexuality

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Examination of human sexual experience throughout the life cycle, viewed from sociological and psychological perspectives. Includes psychological, sociological, and cultural legacy of sexuality, biological foundations of sexuality, varieties of sexual behaviors, sexuality and the life cycle, sexual problems, and social issues.

Recommendation: Completion of one of the following before enrolling in this course: PSY 101 , or SOC 101 . REA 091  with a C or better (or assessment into REA 112 ). If any recommended course is taken, see a financial aid or Veteran’s Affairs advisor to determine funding eligibility as appropriate.
Information: Same as SOC 215 .
Gen-Ed: Meets AGEC - SBS and C, G; Meets CTE - SBS and C, G.

1. Describe physiological, psychological and social dynamics affecting sexuality.
2. Compare sexuality, sex roles, and gender orientation across diverse societies and cultures.
3. Describe the variety and varying ways of sexuality.
4. Describe how sexually transmitted diseases, sexual disorders, and various social issues relate to sexuality.
5. Explain how race/ethnicity, religion, the family, and personal values affect intimacy and sexuality.
6. Describe how people learn about sexuality.
7. Compare the personal and public domains of sexuality.
8. Describe the interrelationships among the concepts of intimacy, sex, love, and self.

1. Psychological, Sociological, and Cultural Legacy of Sexuality

1. Sexual diversity among others and across cultures and society
2. Gender identify
3. Personal identity
4. Political and legal aspects of sexuality
5. Religious of sexuality
6. Biological Foundations of Sexuality
   1. Male sexual anatomy
   2. Female sexual anatomy
   3. Sexual arousal and response patterns
7. Varieties of Sexual Behaviors
   1. Love and the development of sexual relationships
   2. Communication in sexual behaviors
   3. Sexual behaviors
   4. Sexual orientations
8. Sexuality and the Life Cycle
   1. Birth control and contraceptives
   2. Conceiving children and pregnancy
   3. Sexuality during childhood and adolescence
   4. Sexuality in the adult years
9. Sexual Problems
   1. Nature and origin of sexual difficulties
   2. Sex therapy and enhancement
   3. Sexually transmitted diseases
10. Social Issues
    1. Atypical sexual behavior
    2. Sexual victimization
    3. Objectification and commodification of sex

PSY 216 - Psychology of Gender

1. Compare the different approaches to researching gender.
2. Compare psychology’s approach to gender with the biological approach.
3. Discuss the effects of biology, psychology, and culture on differential gender socialization, gender stereotyping and schemas.
4. Summarize psychology’s research findings on gender differences.
5. Describe the limitations of the traditional female and male gender roles.
6. Describe cross-cultural gender roles and beliefs.
7. Assess changes in gender roles with regard to attitudes, beliefs, parenting styles, school, the home and the workplace

1. Research Methods Used in the Study of Gender
   1. Introduction to the study of gender
   2. History of the study of sex differences in psychology
   3. Approaches to researching gender
   4. Gender bias in research
2. Biological Sexual Differentiation
   1. Stages of sexual differentiation
   2. Hormones and chromosomes
3. Differential Socialization and Gender Stereotyping
   1. Biological influences
   2. Theories of gender development, including psychodynamic, social learning, cognitive, and gender schema theory
4. Gender Differences
   1. Cognitive abilities
   2. Schools
   3. Workplace and career
   4. Relationships and sexuality
5. Limitations of the Traditional Female Gender Role
   1. Homemaker
   2. Career woman
   3. Female gender role conflict
6. Limitations of the Traditional Male Gender Role
   1. Success norms
   2. Male toughness norms
   3. Anti-femininity norms and homophobia
   4. Male gender role conflict
7. Cross-Cultural Gender Issues
   1. Roles and beliefs across different ethnic groups within the United States
   2. Roles and beliefs in the United States compared to those of other cultures
8. Changing Gender Roles
   1. Changes in attitudes, beliefs and expectations
   2. Changes in home, parenting, school and the workplace

PSY 218 - Health Psychology

1. Explain the history of psychology’s involvement in health.
2. Contrast health psychology research with epidemiological research.
3. Evaluate, critique and present research in one major area of health psychology.
4. Relate the relevant elements of psychoneuroimmunology.
5. Outline traditional and cross-cultural ways, as well as, gender and ethnic differences in coping with stress and pain.
6. Assess the major behavioural risk factors affecting health as they relate to gender and ethnicity.
7. Describe the cultural, gender and psychosocial aspects of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic illnesses.
8. Assess the current and future direction of health psychology and the role integrative medicine, gender and cross-cultural approaches will play.
9. Synthesize and demonstrate health psychology dimensions relating to social, economic, and political relationships between and among ethnic and gender groups.

1. Introduction and overview of health psychology
   1. Patterns of U.S. health, disease and death with regard to gender and multicultural experiences
   2. Psychosomatic medicine and behavioural medicine
   3. The relationship of health psychology to other health-related fields
   4. Health psychology in relationship to cultural diversity in the United States
   5. Universal aspect of humanity
2. Scientific foundations of health psychology
   1. Research methods in health psychology
   2. Research methods in the epidemiological approach
3. Health psychology special topics project
   1. Obtain research articles on one health psychology topic of the student’s choice, which includes health psychology, social, economic, and political dimensions of relationships between and among ethnic and gender groups.
   2. Critique each article chosen, synthesize and present the findings
4. Defining and measuring stress
   1. Physiology of stress
   2. Theories of stress
   3.  Impact of gender and ethnic dimensions
5. Psychoneuroimmunology
   1. The physiology of the immune system
   2. Personality factors affecting stress and disease
6. Understanding pain
   1. Stages of pain and the pain syndrome
   2. Theories of pain
7. Coping with stress and pain
   1. Physical treatments
   2. Social support
   3. Relaxation training, Hypnosis and Biofeedback
   4. Behavior modification and Cognitive therapy
   5. Cross-cultural approaches such as Chinese acupuncture in the U.S.
8. Exercising
   1. Reasons for exercising and gender and/or ethnic differences
   2. Cardiovascular benefits and other health benefits of physical activity
   3. Psychological benefits of physical activity
   4. Maintaining a physical activity program
9. Eating to control weight
   1. Factors in weight maintenance
   2. Overeating, obesity and dieting
   3. Bulimia, binge eating, anorexia and gender issues
10. Substance abuse
    1. The effects of alcohol and other drugs
    2. Changing problem drinking
    3. Treatment for drug abuse
11. Preventing injuries
    1. Intentional and unintentional injuries
       1. Gender issues
       2. Multicultural issues       
    2. Strategies for preventing injuries
12. Psychosocial aspects of cardiovascular disease, cancer and chronic illnesses
    1. Gender and ethnicity differences
    2. Following a cardiac rehabilitation program
    3. Psychological treatment for cancer patients
    4. Dealing with chronic illnesses
13. Current and future direction of health psychology
    1. Progress in health psychology
    2. The role of integrative medicine
    3. Cross-cultural and gender approaches

PSY 220 - The Psychology of Death and Loss

1. Distinguish between attitudes, beliefs, and feelings regarding death.
2. Apply critical theory to concepts of death.
3. Describe the functions of a death system.
4. Integrate the concept of dying into view of life transitions.
5. Distinguish between hospice and traditional medical care of dying people.
6. Describe significant pathways to healthcare decision-making.
7. Differentiate myths from facts about suicide.
8. Discuss individual and societal dynamics involved in violent death.
9. Define the role and responsible and responsibilities of the physician as a key person in assisted suicide and right-to-die decisions.
10. Discuss guidelines for sharing the child’s death concerns in whatever situations they arise.
11. Distinguish between those responses to the grieving person that are perceived as helpful and unhelpful.
12. Define both the similarities and differences in the funeral and memorial processes as practiced by people of varying racial, ethnic and religious traditions.
13. Compare and contrast findings supporting and not supporting near-death experiences.
14. Identify key issues and challenges in the field of thanatology.
15. Identify some of the ways in which our feelings about dying and death have been changing as the conditions of life have also changed.

1. Thinking About Death
   1. Self-inventory of attitudes, beliefs, and feelings
   2. Accepting and denying death
2. Meaning of Death
   1. Biomedical approaches
   2. Death as an agent of personal, political, and social change
3. Death System
   1. Basic characteristics
   2. Causes of death
4. Dying and Life Transitions
   1. Trajectories of dying
   2. Experience of dying
5. Hospice and Traditional Medical Care
   1. Standards of care
   2. Programs in action
6. Health Care Decision-Making
   1. Living Will
   2. Right-to-die decisions
7. Suicide
   1. Statistical profile
   2. Cultural meanings
8. Individual and Societal Dynamics
   1. Facts, myths, and guidelines
   2. Suicide prevention
9. Violent Death
   1. Murder
   2. Terrorism
   3. Accident and disaster
10. Euthanasia
    1. Attitudes toward a right-to-die.
    2. Dilemmas
    3. Dr. Kevorkian and the assisted-suicide movement
11. Death in Childhood
    1. Concepts of death
    2. Helping children cope with bereavement
    3. Dying children
12. Funeral Process
    1. Current developments
    2. Memorials
    3. Becoming a knowledgeable consumer of funeral services
13. Near-Death Experience
    1. Historical perspective
    2. Evidence favoring near-death experiences   
    3. Problems with near-death experiences findings
14. Death Education and Counseling
    1. Historical perspective
    2. Current scene
    3. Counseling and psychotherapy
15. Perspectives
    1. The good death
    2. Making sense of it all

PSY 230 - Psychological Measurements and Statistics

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Measurement, quantitative description and statistical inference as applied to psychological variables. Includes scientific research and statistics, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, correlation and linear regression, and non-parametric tests.

Prerequisite(s): PSY 101 , and completion of MAT 097 , MAT 142 , MAT 151  or higher .
Information: Prerequisite(s) may be waived with consent of instructor before enrolling in the class.
Gen-Ed: Meets AGEC - SBS; Meets CTE - SBS.

1. Analyze data for Descriptive Research Methods: Including select, prepare and interpret appropriate tables and graphs; Calculate and interpret measures of central tendency and variability. Determine and interpret distribution shapes.
2. Analyze data for Inferential Research Methods: Including calculate and interpret standard scores; determine probabilities within the normal curve and sampling distributions. Apply and understand the steps and logic of hypothesis testing for the t-statistic, analysis of variance, and correlation. Determine and interpret statistical power and treatment effect.
3. Choose the correct statistic for different research situations: Including descriptive, observational correlational, inferential and non-parametric tests. Obtain correct mathematical results and communicate arguments based upon that data.
4. Define, calculate and analyze data using appropriate statistical software.

II.   Descriptive Statistics
      A.  Tables and graphs
      B.  Measures of central tendency and variability
      C.  Shapes of distributions
      D.  Normal curve and standard scores

III.   Inferential Statistics
      A.  Random sampling and probability
      B.  Sampling distributions
      C.  Hypothesis testing, power and treatment effect 
      D.  Student’s t-test for single samples, correlated groups, and independent groups
      E.  Analysis of variance

IV.   Correlation and Linear Regression

V.    Non-Parametric Tests
       A.  Chi-square
       B.  Other non-parametric tests

PSY 240 - Developmental Psychology

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Human development from conception through adulthood. Includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development milestones at various periods in the lifespan. Also includes research methods used in developmental psychology, and the exploration of empirical literature in psychology as it relates to developmental issues.

Prerequisite(s): PSY 101  
Information: Prerequisite(s) may be waived with consent of instructor before enrolling in the class.
Gen-Ed: Meets AGEC - SBS; Meets CTE - SBS.

2.       Discuss the science of human development from early childhood through middle childhood; including peer development, cognitive development, language development, physical and perceptual development, social and emotional development.

3.       Discuss the science of human development from adolescence through emerging adulthood; including           peer development, cognitive development, physical and perceptual development, social and emotional development.

4.       Discuss the science of human development from adulthood through late adulthood; including peer development, cognitive development, developmental tasks, physical and perceptual development, social and emotional development.

1. Describe the major theories and controversies of developmental psychology research.
2. Identify the research methods used in developmental psychology.
3. Discuss prenatal development and the factors that influence the process.
4. Discuss the processes of physical and perceptual development and the factors that influence them, including physical and perceptual changes which accompany aging.
5. Discuss the developmental tasks of adulthood and old age.
6. Describe the major theories of aging.
7. Describe the major theories of cognitive development.
8. Discuss some of the factors that influence cognitive development.
9. List the major milestones of language development and some of the factors that influence them.
10. Describe the major theories of language development.
11. Identify the factors that influence attachment, social and emotional development at various ages.
12. Discuss the influence of the peer group at various ages.

1. Introduction to Developmental Psychology
   1. Controversies in developmental psychology
   2. Theories of development
   3. Experimental methodologies

1. Prenatal Development, Birth and the Neonate
   1. Description of prenatal development
   2. Influences on prenatal development
   3. Birth and the neonate
2. Physical and Perceptual Development
   1. Physical development
   2. Perceptual development
   3. Influences on physical and perceptual development
3. Cognitive Development
   1. Measurement of intelligence
   2. Theories of cognitive development
   3. Influences on cognitive development
4. Language Development
   1. Development of grammar and meaning
   2. Theories of language development
   3. Influences on language development
5. Personality and Social Development
   1. Theories of personality development
   2. Attachment
   3. Peer group relationships

PSY 262 - Positive Psychology

3 Credits, 3 Contact Hours
3 lecture periods 0 lab periods

An introduction to research, theory and intellectual history of positive psychology. Overview and application of psychological principles relevant to the nature of happiness and psychological well- being as opposed to dysfunction and symptoms of mental disorders. Includes research methods, authenticity, happiness, mindfulness, positive interventions, emotional intelligence, character strengths, creativity, and core values and virtues.

Recommendation: PSY 101  with a C or better. If any recommended course is taken, see a financial aid or Veteran’s Affairs advisor to determine funding eligibility as appropriate.

2. Articulate key concepts and research findings in the field of positive psychology including biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences on happiness and well-being.

3. Identify specific principles and interventions to assess and improve subjective well-being.

4. Demonstrate how the practical application of concepts and strategies in positive psychology contribute to   well-being across the lifespan.

1. Describe the historical development and foundations of Positive Psychology.
2. Explain the research methods, theory, and measurement tools used in the field of Positive Psychology.
3. Elucidate how Positive Psychology differs from other major theoretical models in the conceptualization of mental health.
4. Describe the importance of understanding and developing strengths, character traits, values and virtues to increase and sustain well-being.
5. Summarize and describe core concepts of Positive Psychology such as happiness, resiliency and optimism.
6. Describe the major characteristics of mindfulness and its role in well-being.
7. Explain the importance of healthy relationships in terms of decreasing isolation and depression and enhancing the well-being and connection with others.
8. Identify and explain the biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences and correlates of happiness and well-being, including the role that positive emotions, meaning and purpose, and coping strategies play in creating a sense of happiness, health and well-being.
9. Identify specific interventions and strategies that can be used to increase one’s subjective well-being.
10. Define and explain concepts of creative inquiry, flow, self-expression and emotional intelligence to foster life satisfaction.
11. Appraise how social, personal, and institutional factors contribute to increasing an individual’s level of motivation across the lifespan.
12. Identify future directions of psychological research and application in the field of Positive Psychology.

1. Positive Psychology
   1. Definition
   2. Historical developments and the Foundations of Positive Psychology
   3. Research Methods in Positive Psychology and well-being
2. Operationalizing Positive Psychology Concepts
   1. Conceptualization of mental health
   2. Comparison of interventions
3. Happiness and subjective well-being
   1. Causes and predictors
   2. Measurement techniques and instruments
   3. Necessary factors in the creation of subjective well-being
      1. Mindfulness
         1. Definitions
         2. Key Features
      2. Meaning and Purpose
      3. Optimism
      4. Resilience and happiness
4. Relationships and Connection
   1. Research supporting the importance of relationships and connections
   2. Techniques to increase connections and decrease isolation

C.   Social and cultural factors related to happiness and well-being

1. Self-Actualization
   1. Flow states of consciousness
   2. Creativity
   3. Sense of purpose
   4. Self-efficacy
   5. Transcendence
2. Positive / Negative Emotions
   1. Trait theories
   2. Biological findings
   3. Sociocultural factors
   4. Health correlates
3. Character Strengths and Virtues
   1. Identification and application
   2. Assessment
4. Positive Interventions supported by research
   1. Social
   2. Affective
   3. Cognitive
   4. Behavioral
5. Life Satisfaction
   1. Creativity
   2. Flow
   3. Emotional intelligence
   4. Self-expression
6. Positive Institutions
   1. Families and Parenting
   2. Marital
   3. Workplace
   4. Other Organizations
7. Research directions in the field of Positive Psychology
   1. New research methods
   2. Integration of positive psychology
   3. Cross cultural considerations

PSY 289 - Psychology Research Methods [SUN# PSY 2290]

1. Describe and discuss the methods used in most psychological research including experimental, correlational, and naturalistic approaches.
2. Locate research literature in the field of psychology.
3. Identify the appropriate statistical analysis for different research designs.
4. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses (in terms of internal and external validity) of the methods employed in selected studies.
5. Describe the logic of experimentation.
6. Describe the main themes of the American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines on ethics.
7. Conceptualize and design a research study and report it in a formal research proposal.
8. Write research reports using APA publication format.

1. Introduction to Research Methods
   1. What is science?
   2. Different types of research methods
2. Research Problem Formulation
   1. Developing the hypothesis
   2. Library research
3. Statistics
   1.  Descriptive
   2. Inferential
4. Hypothesis Testing
   1. Statistical hypothesis testing
   2. Threats to internal validity
   3. Threats to external validity
5. Experimental Design and Control
   1. A. Between-subjects designs
   2. Within-subjects designs
6. Non-Experimental Designs
   1. Correlational designs
   2. Naturalistic research
   3. Surveys and sampling
7. Single-Subject Designs
   1. Case study designs
   2. . Experimental single-subject designs
8. Research Ethics
   1. Rights of research participants
   2. Ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association
9. Reporting Research
   1. Sentific article
   2. American Psychological Association publication format

RAD 170 - Medical Imaging Fundamentals

1. Define radiologic technologist profession and scope of practice, and define the ethical and legal issues for health care professionals as it relates to age-specific care for infants, children, adults and elderly patients.
2. Use radiographic positioning terminology and demonstrate proper radiation protection practices, patient assessment, infection control, transfer practices, manipulation, function of x-ray units, and computerized reader systems. 
3. Define and demonstrate factors that affect image quality and critique images based on Bontrager’s positioning criteria.

1. Identify the initials which represent the modalities the ARRT certifies.
2. Distinguish and explain the purpose of: ARRT, ASRT, MRTBE, and ASSRT.
3. Discuss the ARRT examination procedure by describing the candidate’s general qualifications and educational requirements.
4. Distinguish between the following specialties and safety concerns found in radiology: CT, MRI, Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound (Sonography), Radiation Therapy (Oncology), Cardiovascular Interventional Technology, and Mammography.
5. Discuss the discovery of X-ray.
6. Identify exposure, non-exposure, overexposure and underexposure on a radiograph.
7. List the four measures a radiographer can take to protect the patient from excess radiation and improve the quality of the radiograph.
8. State what the letters ALARA stand for.
9. Describe the four (4) ways ALARA can be achieved.
10. Describe and describe the function of each lock on the x-ray tube housing.
11. Identify the distance indicators: SID = Source-Image Distance.
12. Maneuver the tube and collimate to the cassettes to a 10 x 12 size and a 14 x 17 size.
13. Identify and explain the following abbreviations: CR, SID (same as FFD and TFD), KVP, MA, S, and MA.
14. List the basic components of the x-ray tube.
15. Describe the components on the control panel.
16. Define standard terms used in radiographic positioning. 
17. Describe the name of the four common body types.
18. Determine the degree of inspiration on chest radiography.
19. Describe patient preparation for chest radiography.
20. Identify the various part of the lungs (base, hilum, apex, costophrenic angles) pm a chest radiograph.
21. Evaluate radiographs of the chest according to Bontrager’s evaluation criteria.
22. Identify the five topographic landmarks that can be used for positioning the abdomen.
23. Complete all requirements for clinical admission as stated in the RAD Student Handbook.

1. Orientation
   1. Course outline
   2. Program guidelines
   3. Specialization and certification within the Radiologic Technology profession
   4. Professional organizations
   5. History of radiography
   6. Campus laboratory imaging equipment
2. Production of Diagnostic Radiation
   1. Basic x-ray tube components
   2. Control panel
      1. Exposure factors
      2. Warm-up procedure
   3. X-ray beam
3. Image Formation
   1. Central ray (CR)
   2. Digital radiography, computerized radiography (DR/CR) reader
4. Ethics and Professionalism
   1. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) / medical legal issues
   2. Professional behavior and attitudes
   3. Code of ethics/conduct
5. Patient Care and Assessment
6. Age Specific Care Considerations
   1. Radiation protection
   2. Patient preparation / clinical history
   3. Professional communication
   4. Body mechanics / patient transfer
   5. Standard precautions / infection control
   6. Emergency situations
7. Radiographic Positioning of the Abdomen and Chest
   1. Anatomy
   2. Basic radiographic positions
      1. Abdomen
         1. Kidney ureters bladder (KUB)
         2. Upright
         3. Lateral
         4. Lateral decubitus
      2. Chest
         1. Posterior anoterior (PA) and lateral
         2. Anteroposterior (AP) supine
         3. Lateral decubitus
         4. Both anterior obliques
         5. Lordotic
   3. Radiographic review
   4. Pertinent pathology

RAD 170LB - Medical Imaging Fundamentals Lab

1. Demonstrate radiographic positions for chest and abdomen to include correct central ray, centering point, source to image distance, part alignment, and shielding.
2. Demonstrate safe operation of digital, computerized, and mobile radiographic units. 

1. Identify the initials which represent the modalities the ARRT certifies.
2. Distinguish and explain the purpose of: ARRT, ASRT, MRTBE, and ASSRT.
3. Discuss the ARRT examination procedure by describing the candidate’s general qualifications and educational requirements.
4. Distinguish between the following specialties and safety concerns found in radiology: CT, MRI, Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound (Sonography), Radiation Therapy (Oncology), Cardiovascular Interventional Technology, and Mammography.
5. Discuss the discovery of X-ray.
6. Identify exposure, non-exposure, overexposure and underexposure on a radiograph.
7. List the four measures a radiographer can take to protect the patient from excess radiation and improve the quality of the radiograph.
8. State what the letters ALARA stand for.
9. Describe the four (4) ways ALARA can be achieved.
10. Describe and describe the function of each lock on the x-ray tube housing.
11. Identify the distance indicators: SID = Source-Image Distance.
12. Maneuver the tube and collimate to the cassettes to a 10 x 12 size and a 14 x 17 size.
13. Identify and explain the following abbreviations: CR, SID (same as FFD and TFD), KVP, MA, S, and MA.
14. List the basic components of the x-ray tube.
15. Describe the components on the control panel.
16. Define standard terms used in radiographic positioning. 
17. Describe the name of the four common body types.
18. Determine the degree of inspiration on chest radiography.
19. Describe patient preparation for chest radiography.
20. Identify the various part of the lungs (base, hilum, apex, costophrenic angles) pm a chest radiograph.
21. Evaluate radiographs of the chest according to Bontrager’s evaluation criteria.
22. Identify the five topographic landmarks that can be used for positioning the abdomen.
23. Complete all requirements for clinical admission as stated in the RAD Student Handbook.

1. Orientation
   1. Course outline
   2. Program guidelines
   3. Specialization and certification within the Radiologic Technology profession
   4. Professional organizations
   5. History of radiography
   6. Campus laboratory imaging equipment
2. Production of Diagnostic Radiation
   1. Basic x-ray tube components
   2. Control panel
      1. Exposure factors
      2. Warm-up procedure
   3. X-ray beam
3. Image Formation
   1. Central ray (CR)
   2. Digital radiography, computerized radiography (DRCR) reader
4. Ethics and Professionalism
   1. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) / medical legal issues
   2. Professional behavior and attitudes
   3. Code of ethics/conduct
5. Patient Care and Assessment
6. Age Specific Care Considerations
   1. Radiation protection
   2. Patient preparation / clinical history
   3. Professional communication
   4. Body mechanics / patient transfer
   5. Standard precautions / infection control
   6. Emergency situations
7. Radiographic Positioning of the Abdomen and Chest
   1. Anatomy
   2. Basic radiographic positions
      1. Abdomen
         1. Kidney ureters bladder (KUB)
         2. Upright
         3. Lateral
         4. Lateral decubitus
      2. Chest
         1. Posterior anoterior (PA) and lateral
         2. Anteroposterior (AP) supine
         3. Lateral decubitus
         4. Both anterior obliques
         5. Lordotic
   3. Radiographic review
   4. Pertinent pathology

RAD 171 - Radiographic Positioning I

1. Discuss general procedural considerations for radiographic examinations to include assessment and proper documentation of exam and patient identification.
2. Evaluate images for accurate positioning, centering, appropriate anatomy, pertinent pathology, and image quality as it relates to computerized and digital radiography.

1. Demonstrate the centering point (CP), central ray (CR), body part position, image size, respiration, distance, and shielding for all 79 exam projections on a phantom and or student.
2. Discuss general procedural considerations for radiographic examinations to include assessment and proper documentation of exam and patient identification.
3. Adapt radiographic procedures based on special considerations.
4. Evaluate images for accurate positioning, centering, appropriate anatomy, and overall image quality.
5. Explain radiographic procedures to a fellow student in a simulation exercise.
6. Apply general radiation safety and protection practices associated with radiologic examinations.
7. Identify specific anatomy of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvis, chest and abdomen on a radiograph.
8. Describe the criteria or means of evaluating the radiograph for accurate anteroposterior (AP), oblique, and lateral positions.
9. Discriminate between acceptable and unacceptable radiographs for collimation, exposure factors, and positioning errors.
10. Identify alternative techniques used to radiograph age specific groups and trauma and disabled patients.
11. Identify type of joints for upper, lower extremities, and shoulder girdle.
12. Discuss the role pathology plays in positioning and technique development. 

1. Standard Terms
   1. Radiographic positions/projections/views
   2. Positioning terms
   3. General planes
   4. Terminology of movement and direction
   5. Positioning aids/protective devices
   6. Accessory equipment
2. General Considerations
   1. Evaluation of radiographic orders
   2. Clinical history and patient assessment
   3. Patient preparation and education
   4. Room preparation
   5. Patient assistance
   6. Patient monitoring
   7. Image evaluation
   8. Patient dismissal
3. Positioning Considerations for Routine and Special Radiographic Procedures
   1. Patient instructions
   2. Part positioning
   3. Image receptor selection and placement
   4. Beam alignment and angulations
   5. Beam limitations and shielding
   6. Special considerations
4. Radiographic Positions of the Upper Extremities
   1. Fingers
   2. Thumb
   3. Hand
   4. Wrist
   5. Forearm
   6. Elbow
   7. Humerus
   8. Radiograph technique development
   9. Radiation protection
   10. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   11. Image critique and analysis
5. Radiographic Positions of the Shoulder Girdle
   1. Shoulder
   2. Scapula
   3. Acromioclavicular (A.C.) joints
   4. Clavicle
   5. Radiograph technique development
   6. Radiation protection
   7. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   8. Image critique and analysis
6. Radiographic Positions of the Lower Extremities
   1. Toes
   2. Foot
   3. Calcaneus
   4. Ankle
   5. Tibia and fibula
   6. Knee
   7. Femur
   8. Femur proximal routine and trauma x 4 views
   9. Leg lengths
   10. Radiograph technique development
   11. Radiation protection
   12. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   13. Image critique and analysis

RAD 171LB - Radiographic Positioning I Lab

1. Demonstrate the centering point (CP), central ray (CR), body part position, image size, respiration, distance, and shielding for all 79 exam projections on a phantom and/or student.
2. Adapt radiographic procedures and techniques based on special considerations, age specific groups, and body habitus. 
3. Apply general radiation safety and protection practices associated with radiologic examinations.

1. Describe standard positioning terms and demonstrate proper positioning aids.
2. Demonstrate the centering point (CP), central ray (CR), body part position, image size, respiration, distance, and shielding for all 79 exam projections on a phantom and or student.
3. Discuss general procedural considerations for radiographic examinations to include assessment and proper documentation of exam and patient identification.
4. Adapt radiographic procedures based on special considerations.
5. Evaluate images for accurate positioning, centering, appropriate anatomy, and overall image quality.
6. Explain radiographic procedures to a fellow student in a simulation exercise.
7. Apply general radiation safety and protection practices associated with radiologic examinations.
8. Identify specific anatomy of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvis, chest and abdomen on a radiograph.
9. Describe the criteria or means of evaluating the radiograph for accurate anteroposterior (AP), oblique, and lateral positions.
10. Discriminate between acceptable and unacceptable radiographs for collimation, exposure factors, and positioning errors.
11. Identify alternative techniques used to radiograph age specific groups and trauma and disabled patients.
12. Identify type of joints for upper, lower extremities, and shoulder girdle.
13. Discuss the role pathology plays in positioning and technique development. 

1. Standard Terms
   1. Radiographic positions/projections/views
   2. Positioning terms
   3. General planes
   4. Terminology of movement and direction
   5. Positioning aids/protective devices
   6. Accessory equipment
2. General Considerations
   1. Evaluation of radiographic orders
   2. Clinical history and patient assessment
   3. Patient preparation and education
   4. Room preparation
   5. Patient assistance
   6. Patient monitoring
   7. Image evaluation
   8. Patient dismissal
3. Positioning Considerations for Routine and Special Radiographic Procedures
   1. Patient instructions
   2. Part positioning
   3. Image receptor selection and placement
   4. Beam alignment and angulations
   5. Beam limitations and shielding
   6. Special considerations
4. Radiographic Positions of the Upper Extremities
   1. Fingers
   2. Thumb
   3. Hand
   4. Wrist
   5. Forearm
   6. Elbow
   7. Humerus
   8. Radiograph technique development
   9. Radiation protection
   10. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   11. Image critique and analysis
5. Radiographic Positions of the Shoulder Girdle
   1. Shoulder
   2. Scapula
   3. Acromioclavicular (A.C.) joints
   4. Clavicle
   5. Radiograph technique development
   6. Radiation protection
   7. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   8. Image critique and analysis
6. Radiographic Positions of the Lower Extremities
   1. Toes
   2. Foot
   3. Calcaneus
   4. Ankle
   5. Tibia and fibula
   6. Knee
   7. Femur
   8. Femur proximal routine and trauma x 4 views
   9. Leg lengths
   10. Radiograph technique development
   11. Radiation protection
   12. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   13. Image critique and analysis

RAD 172 - Medical Imaging Technology I

1. Describe the concepts of the atom, matter, mass, and energy.
2. Discuss the principles of electricity, magnetism and electromagnetism and calculate mathematical problems related to each.
3. Describe the component and operation of the x-ray tube and x-ray generators and calculate mathematical problems related to each. 
4. Discuss the types of x-ray systems in modern imaging departments.

1. Describe the characteristics of matter and energy.
2. Identify the various forms of energy.
3. Define electromagnetic radiation and specifically ionizing radiation.
4. State the relative intensity of ionizing radiation from various sources.
5. Relate the accidental discovery of x-rays by Roentgen.
6. Discuss examples of human injury caused by radiation.
7. List the concepts of basic radiation protection.
8. Discuss the derivation of scientific systems of measurements.
9. List the three systems of measurement.
10. Identify nine categories of mechanics.
11. List and define units of radiation and radioactivity.
12. Review mathematics for radiologic science.
13. Identify the structure of the atom and electron binding energy.
14. Explain the difference between two forms of ionizing radiation: particulate and Electromagnatic.
15. Discuss half-life and radioactivity.
16. Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum.
17. Describe the difference between Frequency and Wavelength.
18. Describe and compute math problems for Inverse Square Law.
19. Properties of matter and energy.
20. Define types of electric circuits.
21. Compute math problems for OHM’s law and Power formula.
22. Relate the experiments of Oersted, Lenz, and Faraday in defining the relationships between electricity and magnetism.
23. Explain the operation of the high-voltage generator, including the Filament Transformer and the rectifiers.
24. Relate the important differences among single-phase, three-phase, and high-frequency power.
25. Explain how the different types of transformers work.
26. Discuss the different types of generators and how they work.
27. Describe the general design of and x-ray tube.
28. Define actual and effective focal spots.
29. Define and draw a representation of the Line Focus Principal.
30. Define Bucky/Grid Factor and be able to compute math problems.
31. Describe how added beam filtration effects density and contrast.
32. Explain the types of Compensating filters and when to use them.

1. Matter and the Atom, Mass, and Energy
2. Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism
3. The X-Ray Tube
4. X-Ray Generators
5. Diagnostic X-Ray Systems
6. ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) Guidelines and Practices
7. The Prime Factors

RAD 172LB - Medical Imaging Technology I Lab

1. Describe ALARA (As Low as Reasonably Achievable) guidelines and practices. 
2. Discuss the “Prime Factors”; milliamperage, kilovoltage, exposure time, and distance and calculate mathematical problems related to each. 

1. Describe the characteristics of matter and energy.
2. Identify the various forms of energy.
3. Define electromagnetic radiation and specifically ionizing radiation
4. State the relative intensity of ionizing radiation from various sources
5. Relate the accidental discovery of x-rays by Roentgen
6. Discuss examples of human injury caused by radiation
7. List the concepts of basic radiation protection
8. Discuss the derivation of scientific systems of measurements
9. List the three systems of measurement
10. Identify nine categories of mechanics
11. List and define units of radiation and radioactivity
12. Review mathematics for radiologic science
13. Identify the structure of the atom and electron binding energy
14. Explain the difference between two forms of ionizing radiation: particulate and electromagnetic
15. Discuss half-life and radioactivity
16. Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum
17. Describe the difference between Frequency and Wavelength
18. Describe and compute math problems for Inverse Square Law
19. Properties of matter and energy
20. Define types of electric circuits
21. Compute math problems for OHM’s law and Power formula
22. Relate the experiments of Oersted, Lenz, and Faraday in defining the relationships between electricity and magnetism.
23. Explain the operation of the high-voltage generator, including the Filament Transformer and the rectifiers
24. Relate the important differences among single-phase, three-phase, and high-frequency power
25. Explain how the different types of transformers work
26. Discuss the different types of generators and how they work
27. Describe the general design of and x-ray tube
28. Define actual and effective focal spots
29. Define and draw a representation of the Line Focus Principal
30. Define Bucky/Grid Factor and be able to compute math problems
31. Describe how added beam filtration effects density and contrast
32. Explain the types of Compensating filters and when to use them