Course Descriptions

EMT 089 - Skills Reinforcement for EMT 100

1. Demonstrate airway assessment and management techniques.
2. Demonstrate the proper placement and operations of an Automatic External Defibrillation for adult, child, and infant.
3. Demonstrate the use of personal protective equipment for Body Substance Isolation.
4. Demonstrate patient packaging and techniques for vehicular extrication.
5. Demonstrate proper assessment of medical patient.
6. Demonstrate proper assessment of trauma patient.

1. Introduction to Emergency Care Training
2. Scene Assessment and Response
   1. Standard precautions
   2. Hazardous materials
3. Assessment Baseline Vitals
4. Operations
   1. Ambulance
   2. Equipment
   3. Communication and documentation
   4. Extrication
5. Airway Assessment, Obstruction, and Respiratory Arrest 
   1. Practical use of airway adjuncts
   2. Practical use of oxygen therapy
6. Patient Assessment and Evaluation
   1. Triage
   2. Trauma
   3. Medical
7. Evaluation and Treatment of Injuries 
   1. Bleeding, wounds, and shock
   2. Soft tissue injury care
   3. Musculoskeletal care
8. Joint Immobilization
9. Long Bone Immobilization
10. Traction Splinting
    1. Spinal care
11. Long Spine board
12. KED’s
13. Helmet Removal
14. Evaluation and Treatment of Medical Emergencies 
    1. Poison
    2. Bites and stings
    3. Cardiac
    4. Respiratory compromise
    5. Altered loc
    6. Diabetes
    7. Acute abdominal problems
    8. Seizures
15. Emergency Childbirth 
16. Environmental Emergencies

EMT 090 - National Registry Skills Preparation

1. Explain the critical criteria for all National Registry testing.
2. Name the seven (7) testing modules of National Registry.
3. Identify the proper application of a cervical collar, and long spine board.
4. Identify proper assessment of medical patient.

1. Introduction to National Registry Testing Process
2. EMT-B Requirements in Arizona
3. Scene Safety and Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
4. Skills Stations
   1. Medical
   2. Trauma
   3. Spine board and cervical collars
   4. AED Automated External Defibrillators
   5. Oxygen administration
   6. Long bone immobilization
5. Mock Patient Scenarios and Moulage Application
6. Time in Each Station as Patient During Open Lab Day

EMT 091 - Ambulance Operations

1. Explain when and why lights and sirens are operated.
2. Demonstrate, with a partner, how to properly load and off load a patient.
3. Demonstrate safe gurney operation with and without a patient.
4. Perform CPR in a moving ambulance.
5. Describe safety requirements for operating an ambulance, with focus on driving with due regard for the safety of others.
6. Demonstrate how to safely operate an ambulance, and maneuver through an obstacle course.

1. Ambulance Operations: Code Driving, Lights, and Sirens
   1. Code 2
   2. Code 3
   3. When lights are used
   4. When siren is used
   5. Different tones
   6. Intersections
   7. Following another unit
2. Tiered Response System
   1. What is it?
   2. Types of calls for Code 2
   3. Types of calls for Code 3
3. Gurney Operations and Loading/Off Loading Patients
   1. How the gurney works
   2. Gurney color codes: what they mean
   3. Weight limits
   4. IV placement
   5. Storage
   6. Direction of the patient (head first)
   7. Trendelenburg position
   8. Positioning difficult airway patient (short of breath)
   9. CPR in the ambulance
4. Driver Training and Obstacle Course
   1. Orientation to vehicle
   2. Safety checks
      1. Fuel
      2. Lights
      3. Sirens
      4. Oil
      5. H2O
      6. Belts
      7. Equipment
   3. Starting a diesel engine
   4. Mirror checks
   5. Serpentine
   6. Backing the vehicle
   7. Acting as the patient while someone else drives (experiencing due regard) for safety
   8. Close stop (stop close to cone without assistance)
   9. Close backing (same as stop but in reverse)

EMT 100 - Emergency Medical Technology

1. Perform one and two person CPR: Adult, Child, and Infant based on the American Heart Association current standards.

2. Appropriately manage scene safety including proper placement and removal of personal protective gear in the workplace.

3. Define priorities of care and the components of a tiered response system.

4. Define the role, scope of practice. Legal and ethical responsibilities of the Emergency Medical Technician.

5. Perform and appropriately manage and stabilize patients of all ages suffering from airway obstructions, respiratory arrests, and cardiac arrest.

6. Perform and appropriately manage and stabilize patients of all ages suffering from bleeding, soft tissue injuries, burns, fractures, shock, and nervous system injuries.

1. Emergency Medical Technician Preparation
   1. Emergency medical care – origin and structure
   2. Well-being of the EMT
   3. Medical, legal and ethical issues
   4. The human body
   5. Baseline vital signs and SAMPLE history
2. Airway
   1. Obstruction
   2. Use of airway adjuncts
   3. Oxygen delivery
3. Patient Assessment
   1. Assessment
   2. Communication
      1. Communication systems and equipment
      2. Regulations and protocol for radio communication
      3. Effective communication with patients from all segments of population
      4. Psychological aspects of emergency care
   3. Documentation:  written reports
4. Evaluating Injuries: Bleeding, Wounds, and Shock
   1. Soft tissue injuries
   2. Musculo-skeletal care and fractures of the upper extremities
   3. Fractures of the pelvis, hip and lower extremities
   4. Injuries to head, neck, face, and spine
   5. Injuries to chest, abdomen, and genitalia
   6. Dressing and bandaging
   7. Spine and fracture immobilization
   8. Pneumatic counter-pressure devices (MAST)
   9. Shock: signs, symptoms, and emergency care.
5. Medical Emergencies
   1. General pharmacology
   2. Respiratory emergencies
      1. Characteristics
      2. Significance
   3. Cardiovascular emergencies
      1. Symptoms
      2. Use of automated external defibrillator (AED)
      3. General patient care
   4. Neurologic emergencies
   5. The acute abdomen
      1. Definition
      2. Symptoms
      3. Treatment
      4. Potential causes
      5. Referred pain
   6. Diabetic emergencies
      1. Two types of emergencies
      2. Patient assessment
      3. Treatment
      4. Blood glucose monitoring procedures
      5. Indications and contraindications
      6. Regulatory issues
   7. Allergic reactions, stings, and bites
      1. Causes, signs, and symptoms
      2. Anaphylaxis
      3. Interventions including the use of epinephrine auto-injectors
   8. Substance abuse and poisoning
   9. Environmental emergencies
      1. Burns
      2. Hazardous materials
      3. Drowning
   10. Behavioral emergencies
       1. Acute psychological disturbances
       2. Chronic psychological disturbances
       3. Techniques for interaction with emotionally disturbed patients
       4. Critical incidence stress debriefing
   11. Obstetrics and gynecological emergencies
       1. Childbirth in the field
       2. Breech delivery
       3. Prolapsed umbilical cord
       4. Spontaneous abortion
   12. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS
6. Transporting Patients
   1. Principles of extrication
   2. Patient packaging
   3. Lifting and moving patients
7. Ambulance Operations and Safe Driving
   1. Regulations
   2. Forms and reporting
   3. Maintenance of vehicle and equipment
   4. Emergency procedures
   5. Scene control
   6. Special scene situation
8. Disaster Management
   1. Triage
   2. WMD’s
9. Assisting with Advanced Life Support (ALS)
   1. Intravenous lines
      1. Purpose of intravenous lines and the monitoring of intravenous lines by the Emergency Medical Technician
      2. Types and sizes of intravenous cannulas, tubing, etc.
      3. Intravenous fluids the Emergency Medical Technician is approved to monitor
      4. Assessment and monitoring
      5. Trouble-shooting intravenous lines
   2. Cardiac monitoring
   3. Intubation

EMT 109 - Human Anatomy and Physiology for EMT

1. Describe the basic physiology of the body systems.
2. Utilize medical terminology within the parameters of NREMT/AZDHS.
3. Relate the main structures and functions of the body organs and systems to patient assessment, differential diagnosis (field impressions), and treatment pathways.
4. Describe basic anatomy of the body systems.
5. Compare normal basic anatomy and physiology to common pathology

1. Cellular structure and cellular metabolism
2. Hematology
   1. Red Blood Cells
   2. White blood cells
   3. Plasma Platelets
   4.  Disorders of the blood
   5.  Blood as a transport mechanism
3. Skeletal system
4. Muscular System
5. Lymphatic system
6. Nervous system
   1. Sympathetic
   2. Parasympathetic
7. Endocrine system
8. Integumentary system
9. Respiratory system
10. Cardiac/ Vascular system
    1. Electrical conduction system of the heart
11. GI system
12. Reproductive system
13. Metabolism and Homeostasis
14. Bacteria and Viruses
15. Lifespan developmental changes
    1. Anatomical changes
    2. Behavioral changes
    3. Common disease processes

EMT 110 - Emergency Medical Responder

1. Perform one and two person CPR: Adult, Child, and Infant based on the American Heart Association current standards.
2. Appropriately manage scene safety including proper placement and removal of personal protective gear in the workplace.
3. Define priorities of care and the components of a tiered response system.
4. Define the role, scope of practice. Legal and ethical responsibilities of the Emergency Medical Technician.
5.  Perform and appropriately manage and stabilize patients of all ages suffering from airway obstructions, respiratory arrests, and cardiac arrest.
6. Perform and appropriately manage and stabilize patients of all ages suffering from bleeding, soft tissue injuries, burns, fractures, shock, and nervous system injuries.
7. Perform and appropriately manage and stabilize patients of all ages suffering from medical emergencies and childbirth relate complications.

1. Preparatory
   1. The Emergency Medical Service system and the First Responder
   2. The well-being of the First Responder
   3. Legal and ethical issues for the First Responder
   4. The human body
   5. Body substance isolation
   6. Lifting and moving patients
   7. Patient management strategies
   8. Scene size-up
2. Airway
   1. Anatomy and physiology of respiration
   2. Airway and breathing management
3. Patient Assessment
   1. Overview of initial assessment
   2. The physical exam
   3. Ongoing assessment
   4. Patient transfer
4. Circulation
   1. Anatomy and physiology of circulatory system
   2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
   3. Shock and bleeding control
5. Illness and Injury
   1. Overview of managing medical patients
   2. Chest pain
   3. Shortness of breath
   4. Altered mental status
   5. Abdominal pain
   6. Poisoning and overdose
   7. Allergic reactions
   8. Environmental emergencies
   9. Behavioral emergencies
   10. Overview to managing trauma patients
   11. Injuries to the head and spine
   12. Muscle and bone injuries
   13. Soft tissue injuries
6. Childbirth and Children
   1. Childbirth
   2. Infants and Children
   3. Emergency Medical Service Operations
   4. Patient management strategies
   5. Scene size-up and interaction

EMT 140 - Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support

1. Formulate a field impression for a trauma patient through a systemic approach/patient assessment.
2. Implement a field treatment plan for a trauma patient to include:
   1. Management of the airway through ventilation.
   2. Management of shock.
   3. Management of tissue and burn.
3. Recognize multi-systems trauma patients.
4. Recognize and implement a field treatment plan for mass casualty incidents.

1. Apply the principles of kinematics to enhance the patient assessment and predict the likelihood of injuries based on the patient’s mechanism of injury, address special safety criteria, and manage special operations.
2. Explain and perform the systematic approaches to patient assessment and management.
3. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for airway management, ventilation and oxygen therapy.
4. State and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient in shock.
5. Synthesize and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with soft tissues and burn injuries.
6. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with isolated and multi-systems trauma.
7. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving the pediatric patient.
8. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving the geriatric patient.
9. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving the obstetric patient.
10. Name and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving patients under the influence of alcohol and drugs.
11. Utilize assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for traumatic cardiac arrest.
12. Identify common communicable diseases and explain blood and body fluid precautions.
13. Examine common trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Introduction
   1. Definition of trauma and societal impacts
   2. Scene size-up, safety and infection control
   3. Mechanisms of injury and building on the indices of suspicion
2. Systematic Approach To Patient Assessment And Management
   1. Initial assessment and managing life threatening conditions to airway, breathing, and circulation
   2. Focused physical exam and managing potentially life-threatening injuries
3. Airway and Ventilation
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Techniques for opening and clearing an airway
   3. Basic airway adjuncts
   4. Advanced airway adjuncts
   5. Invasive procedures for airway and ventilation
   6. Ventilation and oxygen therapy
4. Shock                
   1. Definition, stages and signs and symptoms of shock.
   2. Shock classifications and assessment and management-specific criteria for the different classifications of shock.
   3. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the shock patient.
5. Soft Tissues And Burn Injuries
   1. Definition, mechanisms, and classifications
   2. Assessment and management-specific criteria for the different classifications of soft tissue and burn injuries.
   3. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the burn patient.
6. Isolated And Multi-Systems Trauma
   1. Head and facial injuries
   2. Spinal cord injuries
   3. Thoracic trauma
   4. Abdominal-pelvic injuries
   5. Musculo-skeletal trauma
   6. Multi-systems trauma
   7. Medical insult and trauma
   8. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the burn patient.
7. Pediatric Trauma
   1. Communications and the historian
   2. Physical, psychological, and social considerations
   3. Anatomical features and assessment considerations
   4. Common injuries and their management
   5. Child safety restraint systems
8. Geriatric Trauma
   1. Pathophysiology of aging
   2. Assessment and management considerations
   3. Rapid survey and the focused exam
9. Obstetrical Trauma
   1. Maternal and fetal anatomy and physiology
   2. Compensatory mechanisms for the injured mother and fetus
   3. Assessment and management considerations
   4. Types of injury and their management
10. Trauma Patients Under The Influence Of Alcohol And Drugs
    1. Physiological and behavioral complications
    2. Assessment and management considerations
11. Traumatic Cardiopulmonary Arrest
    1. Priority in care and communications
    2. Assessment and management considerations
12. Infectious Diseases And Prevention Of Transmission
    1. Airborne Diseases
    2. Blood borne diseases
    3. Body substance isolation and infection control
13. Integration
    1. Current trends and changes
    2. Demonstration of skills and knowledge competencies

EMT 141 - Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support Refresher

1. Apply the principles of kinematics to enhance the patient assessment and predict the likelihood of injuries based on the patient’s mechanism of injury, address special safety criteria, and manage special operations.
2. Explain and perform the systematic approaches to patient assessment and management.
3. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for airway management, ventilation and oxygen therapy.
4. State and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient in shock.
5. Synthesize and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with soft tissues and burn injuries.
6. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with isolated and multi-systems trauma.
7. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving the pediatric patient.
8. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving the geriatric patient.
9. Identify and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving the obstetric patient.
10. Name and utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for trauma involving patients under the influence of alcohol and drugs.
11. Utilize assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for traumatic cardiac arrest.
12. Identify common communicable diseases and explain blood and body fluid precautions.
13. Examine common trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Pre-Hospital Life Support
   1. Definition of trauma and societal impacts
   2. Scene size-up, safety and infection control
   3. Mechanisms of injury and building on the indices of suspicion
2. Systematic Approach to Patient Assessment and Management
   1. Initial assessment and managing life threatening conditions to airway, breathing, and circulation
   2. Focused physical exam and managing potentially life-threatening injuries
3. Airway and Ventilation
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Techniques for opening and clearing an airway
   3. Basic airway adjuncts
   4. Advanced airway adjuncts
   5. Invasive procedures for airway and ventilation
   6. Ventilation and oxygen therapy
4. Shock                
   1. Definition
   2. Stages and signs and symptoms of shock.
   3. Shock classifications and assessment and management-specific criteria for the different classifications of shock.
   4. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the shock patient.
5. Soft tissues and Burn Injuries
   1. Definition, mechanisms, and classifications
   2. Assessment and management-specific criteria for the different classifications of soft tissue and burn injuries.
   3. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the burn patient.
6. Isolated and Multi-Systems Trauma
   1. Head and facial injuries
   2. Spinal cord injuries
   3. Thoracic trauma
   4. Abdominal-pelvic injuries
   5. Musculo-skeletal trauma
   6. Multi-systems trauma
   7. Medical insult and trauma
   8. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the burn patient.
7. Pediatric Trauma
   1. Communications and the historian
   2. Physical, psychological, and social considerations
   3. Anatomical features and assessment considerations
   4. Common injuries and their management
   5. Child safety restraint systems
8. Geriatric Trauma
   1. Pathophysiology of aging
   2. Assessment and management considerations
   3. Rapid survey and the focused exam
9. Obstetrical Trauma
   1. Maternal and fetal anatomy and physiology
   2. Compensatory mechanisms for the injured mother and fetus
   3. Assessment and management considerations
   4. Types of injury and their management
10. Trauma Patients Under the Influence of Alcohol and Drugs
    1. Physiological and behavioral complications
    2. Assessment and management considerations
11. Traumatic Cardiopulmonary Arrest
    1. Priority in care and communications
    2. Assessment and management considerations
12. Infectious Diseases and Prevention of Transmission
    1. Airborne diseases
    2. Blood borne diseases
    3. Body substance isolation and infection control
13. Integration
    1. Current trends and changes
    2. Demonstration of skills and knowledge competencies

EMT 155 - Advanced Medical Life Support (AMLS) Provider

1. Perform a pragmatic approach and systematic format regarding medical patient assessment.
2. Implement patient management through formulation of a general impression.
3. Determine the patient’s stability.
4. Explore the possibilities of differential diagnoses and treatment plans.

1. Given an assessment of the medical patient scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential patient problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies. 
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Differentiate treatment and transport criteria for stable and unstable adult patients with medical complaints.
   3. Obtain a comprehensive patient assessment using appropriate interviewing techniques.
   4. Demonstrate the ability to recognize and explain different pathophysiology responses found during the comprehensive assessment of patients with medical complaints.
   5. Describe the rationale for assessment modifications used for the elderly patient.
   6. Describe the rationale for assessment modifications used for the elderly patient.
   7. Demonstrate an efficient, focused physical examination technique for evaluating patients with neurological, respiratory, cardiac, and abdominal complaints.
2. Given an airway management, ventilation, and oxygen therapy scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Demonstrate the ability to recognize patient presentations that require the need for aggressive airway management.
   3. Identify different clinical situations that determine utilization of a variety of options for airway management devices.
   4. Explain the indications and contra-indications for each airway management technique or device.
   5. Demonstrate with proficiency the appropriate use of airway management techniques that include: oral tracheal intubation, nasal tracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation, digital intubation, lighted stylet intubation, alternative airway devices ( PtL, Combitube, LMA) and surgical airway alternatives.
3. Given a hypoperfusion (shock) scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Identify differences in patient presentations in compensated, progressive, irreversible shock.
   3. Use, with proficiency, a comprehensive assessment technique to identify differences in patient presentations and management strategies for hypovolemic, obstructive, distributive, and cardiogenic shock.
   4. Identify and explain different pathophysiological responses found during the comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting hypovolemic, obstructive, distributive, and cardiogenic shock.
   5. Develop management alternatives for probable differential diagnoses of hypoperfusion to include as needed: airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.
4. Given a dyspnea scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit respiratory distress and respiratory failure.
   3. Determine and explain with accuracy different pathophysiological responses found during the comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting airway obstruction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), pneumonia, pleural effusion, tension Pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, pleuritis, ARDS, CHF, AMI, neuromuscular dystrophies, hyperthyroidism, and psychogenic etiologies.
   4. Use a comprehensive assessment technique to identify differences in patient presentations and management strategies for airway obstruction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), pneumonia, pleural effusion, tension Pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, pleuritis, ARDS, CHF, AMI, neuromuscular dystrophies, hyperthyroidism, and psychogenic etiologies.
   5. Develop management alternative for probable differential diagnoses of dyspnea to include as needed: airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.
5. Given a chest pain scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit AMI, unstable angina, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, esophageal disruption, cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, costochondritis, gastrointestional disease, and mitral valve prolaspe.
   3. Determine and explain with accuracy different pathophysiological responses found during a comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting AMI, unstable angina, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolisim, esophageal disruption, cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, costochondritis, gastrointestional disease, and mitral valve prolapse.
   4. Develop management alternatives for probable differential diagnoses of chest pain to include as needed: airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.
6. Given an altered mental status scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), cranial infections, cranial tumors, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, uremic encephalopathy, electrolyte imbalances, acidodsis and alkalosis, thyroid disorders, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, Korsakoff’s psychosis, toxicologic encephalopathy, and environmental etiologies.
   3. Identify and explain with accuracy different pathological responses found during the comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), cranial infections, cranial tumors, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, uremic encephalopathy, electrolyte imbalances, acidodsis and alkalosis, thyroid disorders, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, Korsakoff’s psychosis, toxicologic encephalopathy, and environmental etiologies.
   4. Develop management alternatives for probable differential diagnoses of alter mental status to include as needed airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.
7. Given a seizures and seizure disorders scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit generalized, simple or partial complex seizures, status epilepticus, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases.
   3. Identify and explain with accuracy different pathophysiological responses found during a comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting generalized simple or partial complex seizures, status epilepticus, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases.
   4. Develop management alternatives for probable differential diagnoses of alter mental status to include as needed airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.
8. Given an acute abdominal pain and GI bleeding scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, aortic aneurysm, gastric-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and right and left iliac region etiologies.
   3. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, aortic aneurysm, gastric-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and right and left iliac region etiologies.
   4. Identify and explain with accuracy different pathophysiological responses found during a comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, aortic aneurysm, gastric-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and right and left iliac region etiologies.
   5. Identify anatomical locations that are at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding.
   6. Determine and explain with accuracy different pathophysiological responses found during a comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting presentations and predisposing conditions to gastrointestional bleeding.
   7. Develop management alternatives for probable differential diagnoses of acute abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding to include as needed: airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.
9. Given a syncope scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
   1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
   2. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit vasovagal and vasopressor syncope, orthostatic hypotension, and metabolic and neurologic syncope etiologies.
   3. Identify and explain with accuracy different pathophysiological responses found during a comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting vasovagal and vasopressor syncope, orthostatic hypotension, and metabolic and neurologic syncope etiologies.
   4. Develop management alternatives for probable differential diagnoses of syncope to include as needed: airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.
10. Given a headache, nausea, and vomiting scenario, the participant will be able to apply critical thinking skills to integrate pathophysiology with assessment and history findings to determine actual and potential problems, differential diagnoses, and management strategies.
    1. Demonstrate with proficiency an appropriate, safe scene size up.
    2. Identify differences in patient presentation and management strategies for patients that exhibit tension headaches, migraine, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, meningitis, pre-eclampsia, carbon monoxide poisoning, and brain abscess, nausea, and vomiting.
    3. Identify and explain with accuracy different pathophysiological responses found during a comprehensive assessment of patients exhibiting tension headaches, migraine, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, meningitis, pre-eclampsia, carbon monoxide poisoning, and brain abscess, nausea, and vomiting.
    4. Develop management alternatives for probable differential diagnoses of headache, nausea, and vomiting to include as needed: airway management, respiratory and/or ventilatory support, fluid therapy, pharmacological support, and transportation to an appropriate facility.

1. Assessment of the Medical Patient
   1. Components of the medical assessment
   2. Dispatch information
   3. Scene size-up
   4. Physiologically stable or unstable criteria
   5. Initial assessment
   6. Focused history and physical exam
   7. Possibilities to probabilities: forming a differential field diagnosis
   8. Detailed exam
   9. Ongoing assessment
2. Airway Management, Ventilation, and Oxygen Therapy
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Oxygen supplementation
   3. Airway management
3. Ventilation Equipment and Techniques
   1. Tracheal Intubation
   2. Equipment
4. Alternative Methods of Intubation
   1. Alternative airway devices
   2. Surgical techniques of airway control
   3. Rapid sequence intubation
   4. Guidelines for airway and ventilation support
5. Access and Medication Administration
   1. Medication administration
   2. Medication administration methods
   3. Venous access
   4. Intraosseous infusion
   5. Delivering medications by injection
   6. Other methods of medication administration
6. Hypoperfusion (Shock)
   1. Defining hypoperfusion and shock
   2. Anatomy and physiology of tissue perfusion
   3. Pathophysiology of shock
   4. Differential diagnosis
   5. Assessment priorities
   6. Management priorities
7. Dyspnea, Respiratory Distress, or Respiratory Failure
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Determining the severity of respiratory distress or failure
   3. Differential diagnosis and management priorities
8. Chest Discomfort or Pain
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Initial approach to chest discomfort or pain
   3. Differential diagnoses and management priorities     
   4. Altered mental status
   5. The pathophysiology of altered mental status
   6. General assessment and management of altered mental status
   7. Differential diagnosis: intracranial causes of altered mental status
   8. Differential diagnosis: extra-cranial causes of altered mental status
9. Acute Abdominal Pain
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the abdomen
   2. Pathophysiology of the abdomen
   3. Differential diagnosis
   4. Assessment
   5. Treatment
10. Gastrointestional Bleeding
    1. Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology
    2. Characteristics of blood in the GI tract
    3. Assessment
    4. Treatment
11. Seizures and Seizure Disorders
    1. Anatomy and physiology of the brain
    2. Classification and terminology
    3. Pathophysiology
    4. Differential diagnosis
    5. Assessment and management priorities
12. Syncope
    1. Pathophysiology
    2. Mechanism of syncope
    3. Patient assessment and differential diagnosis
    4. Prehospital management
13. Headache, Nausea, and Vomiting
    1. Headache
    2. Nausea and Vomiting
14. Putting It All Together:  Scenarios
    1. Difficulty breathing
    2. Difficulty breathing
    3. Shock
    4. Shock
    5. Abdominal pain
    6. Altered mental status
    7. Altered mental status
    8. Chest pain
    9.     Sudden onset paraplegia
    10. Unconscious women

EMT 159 - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Healthcare Provider

1. Define the disease states and risk factors, which can lead to cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and stroke.
2. Demonstrate the assessment and management of a foreign body airway obstruction in the infant, child and adult patient.
3. Demonstrate the assessment and management of respiratory arrest in the infant, child and adult patient.
4. Demonstrate the assessment and management of cardiac arrest in the infant, child and adult patient.

1. Identify the major body systems associated with respiration and central circulation.
2. Define the disease states and risk factors, which can lead to cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and stroke.
3. Restate the signs and symptoms of a heart attack.
4. Explain how to activate the Emergency Medical Services System.
5. List several ways to “child proof” the home to prevent childhood injury.
6. Discuss injury prevention for infants and children.
7. Demonstrate the assessment and management of a foreign body airway obstruction in the infant, child and adult patient.
8. Demonstrate the assessment and management of respiratory arrest in the infant, child and adult patient.
9. Demonstrate the assessment and management of cardiac arrest in the infant, child and adult patient.

1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Steps
   1. When to start CPR
   2. When to give breaths, including with barrier devices
   3. When to check for a pulse
   4. How to give compressions at the proper depth and rate and with complete chest recoil
   5. When to use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
2. Signs and actions for severe airway obstruction
   1. Responsive victims
   2. Unresponsive victims
3. Links in the Chain of Survival and Importance
   1. Activating the appropriate emergency response system
   2. Performing CPR
   3. Providing early defibrillation
   4. Ensuring the arrival of early advanced care by activating the appropriate emergency response system
4. Signs of 4 Common Life-Threatening Emergencies in Adults
   1. Cardiac arrest
   2. Choking
   3. Stroke
   4. Heart attack
5. Injury Prevention
   1. Infants
   2. Children
6. Manikin Demonstration of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
   1. Assessment
   2. Management
7. Manikin Demonstration of Rescue Breathing
   1. Infants
   2. Children
   3. Adult patient
8. Manikin Demonstration of CPR
   1. Infants
   2. Children
9. Manikin Demonstration of the Adult Patient
   1. One CPR
   2. Two rescue CPR

EMT 170 - Advanced Life Support Operations

1. Demonstrate the ability to assess victims of crash incidents.
2. Demonstrate the ability to extricate victims of crash incidents.
3. Demonstrate the ability to care for victims of crash incidents.
4. Utilize the following management skills;
   1. scene size-up
   2. disentanglement
   3. victim stabilization for single and multi-victim situations
   4. hazardous materials incident
   5. integration of local emergency medical services (EMS) for patient assessment and management standard operating procedures to selected victim scenarios.

1. Identify current local and state standards which influence ambulance design, equipment requirements, and staffing of ambulances.
2. List the guidelines and standards that help ensure safe and effective ground and air medical transport.
3. Identify the principles of general incident management techniques in order to function effectively at major incidents.
4. Describe the role and function of command managing a major medical incident.
5. Differentiate and list the types of TRIAGE levels.
6. Define Critical Incident Stress Management.
7. List the principles of rescue awareness and operations to safely rescue a patient from water, hazardous atmospheres, trenches, highways, and hazardous terrain.
8. Identify hazardous materials emergencies.
9. Identify the poisonous gases commonly found in confined spaces.
10. Describe the human hazard of crime and violence and the safe operation at crime scenes and other emergencies.

1. Ambulance Operations
   1. Ambulance standards, statutes, and operations
   2. Checking ambulances
   3. Ambulance stationing
   4. Safe ambulance operation
2. Utilizing Air Medical Transport
   1. Types
   2. Advantages
   3. Disadvantages
   4. Activation
   5. Indications
   6. Patient transfer
3. Medical Incident Command System (ICS)
   1. Need for ICS
   2. FEMA ICS
   3. ICS elements
      1. Command
      2. Finance
      3. Logistics
      4. Operations
      5. Planning
      6. Role and functions of command
      7. Group or sector functions
   4. Preplanning
   5. Drills and critiques
4. On-scene Physicians in Multiple Causality Incident (MCI) Management
   1. Triage
      1. Principles
      2. Techniques
   2. Treatment
   3. Medical direction
5. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) and MCIs
   1. CISM in personnel exposed to major events
   2. CISM debriefing
   3. Access to defusing during the MCI
   4. Role of debriefing for an MCI
   5. Access to debriefing
6. Role of ALS in Rescue Operations
   1. Definition of rescue
   2. Phases of a rescue operation
7. Rescuer Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
   1. Rescuer protection
   2. Head, eye, hearing, hand, and foot protection
   3. Flame and flash protection
   4. Personal flotation devices (PFD)
   5. Visibility
   6. Extended, remote or wilderness protection
8. Surface Water Rescue
   1. Moving water and common hazards
   2. Flat water
   3. Water temperature
   4. Cold protective response
   5. Scenario options for water rescue training
9. Hazardous Atmospheres
   1. Oxygen deficient environments
   2. Confined spaces
   3. Safe entry
   4. Trenches and cave-ins
10. Hazardous Terrain
    1. Types of hazardous terrain
    2. Patient access in hazardous terrain
    3. Patient packaging
    4. Patient movement
    5. Use of helicopters in hazardous terrain rescue
11. Highway Operations
    1. Hazards in highway operations
    2. Auto anatomy
    3. Rescue strategies
    4. Vehicle rescue
       1. Stabilization of vehicles
       2. Gaining access
       3. Package and extricate simulated patients
       4. Hydraulic equipment
    5. Assessment procedures
12. Role of ALS in Hazardous Materials Response
    1. Toxicologic risk
    2. Decontamination methods and approaches
       1. Purpose
       2. Environmental considerations
       3. Methods
       4. Decision-making
    3. Treatment
    4. Transportation
    5. NFPA levels of response
    6. Monitoring
13. Hazardous Materials Size-up
    1. Identification
    2. Issues
14. Contamination and Toxicology Review
    1. Types of contamination
    2. How poisons are absorbed
    3. Cycle of poison actions
    4. Poison actions
    5. Treatment
15. Medical Monitoring and Rehabilitation
16. Hazard Awareness Control and Avoidance
    1. Determining the need
    2. Approach to the scene
    3. Specific dangerous scenes
    4. Violent groups and situations
17. Tactical Considerations for Safety and Patient Care
    1. Tactics for safety
    2. Tactical patient care
18. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) at Crime Scenes
    1. Definition
    2. Evidence
    3. Preserving evidence
    4. Documentation

EMT 205 - ALS Pharmacology and Medication Administration

1. Describe basic pharmacological background.
2. Describe the actions of drugs, regulations, and human body systems.
3. Define pharmacokinetics.
4. Show evidence of understanding how to do drug calculations.

1. Differentiate among the chemical, generic, and trade names of a drug.
2. List the four main sources of drug products.
3. Describe how drugs are classified.
4. Discuss standardization of drugs.
5. Discuss special consideration in drug treatment with regard to pregnant, pediatric, and geriatric patients.
6. Discuss the ALS professional’s responsibilities and scope of management pertinent to the administration of medications.
7. List and describe general properties of drugs.
8. List and differentiate routes of drug administration.
9. List and differentiate the phases of drug activity, including the pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic phases.
10. List and describe drugs that the ALS professional may administer according to local protocol.
11. Identify the mathematical principles used in pharmacology.
12. Differentiate temperature readings between the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales.
13. Describe the indications, equipment needed, technique used, precautions, and general principles of peripheral venous or external jugular cannulation.
14. Discuss legal aspects affecting medication administration.
15. Discuss the “six rights” of drug administration and correlate these with the principles of medication administration.
16. Describe medical asepsis and the differences between clean and sterile techniques.
17. List the uses of antiseptics and disinfectants.
18. Describe body substance isolation.
19. Describe the equipment needed, techniques used, complications, and general principles for the preparation and administration of Parenteral medications.
20. Describe the purpose, equipment needed, techniques used, complications, and general principles for obtaining a blood sample.
21. Identify the steps to disposal of contaminated items and sharps.

1. Historical Trends in Pharmacology
2. Pharmacology: Names of Drugs
   1. Chemical name
   2. Generic name
   3. Trade name
   4. Official name
3. Sources of Drugs
   1. Plants
   2. Animals
   3. Minerals
   4. Chemical
4. United States Legislation Impact: Schedule of Controlled Substances
   1. Schedule I
   2. Schedule II
   3. Schedule III
   4. Schedule IV
   5. Schedule V
5. Other Drug Areas
   1. Standardization of drugs
   2. Investigational drugs
   3. Special considerations in drug therapy
   4. Pregnancy
   5. Pediatric patients
   6. Geriatric patients
   7. Scope of management
6. Autonomic Pharmacology
   1. Nervous system
   2. Peripheral nervous system
   3. Autonomic nervous system
   4. Sympathetic influences
   5. Neurochemical transmission
7. Properties, Forms, Routes, Mechanism, and Pharmacokinetics
   1. General properties of drugs
   2. Drug forms
   3. Liquid
   4. Solid
   5. Gas
   6. Routes of drug administration
      1. Inhalation
      2. Parenteral
      3. Endotracheal
   7. Mechanism of drug action
   8. Pharmacokinetics
      1. Absorption
      2. Distribution
      3. Biotransformation
      4. Excretion
8. Other Drug Areas
   1. Classifications of drugs
   2. Mathematical equivalents used in pharmacology
      1. Metric system
      2. Fahrenheit scale
      3. Celsius scale
      4. Converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius
   3. Calculating drug dosages
      1. Methods
      2. Dosages
   4. Medical direction
   5. Principles of medication administration
      1. Responsibility
      2. “six rights”
   6. Medical Asepsis
   7. Universal precautions and Body Substance Isolation (BSI) in medication administration
   8. Venous access
      1. Intravenous cannulation
      2. Intraosseous
   9. Medication administration by the inhalation route
   10. Enteral medication administration
   11. Parental administration of medications
   12. Obtaining a blood sample
   13. Disposal of contaminated items and sharps

EMT 214 - ALS Advanced Special Considerations

1. Demonstrate the advanced life support skills approach to emergency care of the emotionally disturbed.
2. Recognize the emotional aspects in an emergency situation with a special needs patient.
3. Demonstrate the steps to approach patients with special considerations.
4. Identify psychiatric emergencies and techniques of management.

1. Define behavior and distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior.
2. Discuss the prevalence of behavior and psychiatric disorders.
3. Discuss the psychopathology of behavioral and psychiatric disorders.
4. List and describe the categories of abuse.
5. Describe the characteristics associated with the profile of the typical abuser of a spouse, elder, child, or sexual assault.
6. Identify community resources that are able to assist victims of abuse and assault.
7. Differentiate the various etiologies and types of hearing impairments.
8. Describe mental illnesses.
9. Describe the various etiologies and types of speech impairments.
10. List pathologies and complications typical to home care patients.
11. Discuss the rights of the terminally ill.

1. Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
   1. Behavior
   2. Epidemiology
   3. Psychopathology
   4. Assessment
   5. Specific behavioral and psychiatric disorders
      1. Cognitive disorders
      2. Schizophrenia
      3. Anxiety disorders
      4. Mood disorders
      5. Substance related disorders
      6. Somatoform disorders
      7. Factitious disorders
      8. Dissociative disorders
      9. Eating disorders
      10. Impulse control disorders
      11. Personality disorders
   6. Special behavioral problems
      1. The suicidal patient
      2. The violent patient
      3. Behavioral problems in children
2. Abuse and Assault
   1. Epidemiology
   2. The battered spouse
      1. Battered women
      2. Battered men
      3. Homosexual relationships
      4. Identifying the battered patient
      5. Approaching the battered patient
      6. Legal considerations
      7. Victim-witness assistance programs
   3. The abused elder
   4. The abused child
      1. Overview
      2. Characteristics of abusers
      3. Characteristics of the abused child
      4. Physical examination
   5. Sexual assault
      1. Overview
      2. Legal aspect of sexual assault
      3. Characteristics of sexual assault
      4. Psychosocial aspect of care
      5. The child victim
3. Patients with Special Challenges
   1. Physical challenges
      1. Hearing impairments
      2. Visual impairments
      3. Speech impairments
      4. Obesity
      5. Paraplegia and quadriplegia
      6. Other physically challenged patients
   2. Mental challenges
      1. Mental illness
      2. Developmental disabilities
      3. Emotional impairments
      4. Emotional and Mental Impairments (EMI)           
   3. Pathological challenges
      1. Arthritis
      2. Cancer (malignant tumor)
      3. Cerebral palsy
      4. Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)
      5. Multiple sclerosis
      6. Muscular dystrophy
      7. Poliomyelitis
      8. Patients with previous head injuries
      9. Spina bifida
      10. Myasthenia gravis
   4. Culturally diverse patients
      1. Variables
      2. Recognition
      3. Accommodations
   5. Terminally ill patients
      1. Variables
      2. Accommodations
   6. Patients with communicable diseases
      1. Review of etiologies
      2. Accommodations
   7. Financial challenges
4. Acute Interventions for the Chronic Care Patient
   1. Epidemiology of home care
   2. Types of home care patients
   3. General system pathophysiology
   4. Assessment
   5. Management and treatment plan
   6. Specific acute home health situations
      1. Inadequate respiratory support
      2. Acute cardiovascular and vascular access
      3. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary (gi/gu) crisis
      4. Acute infections
      5. Maternal and child
      6. Hospice and comfort care

EMT 218 - Paramedic National Registry Preparation

1. Demonstrate the cognitive (knowledge) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities.
2. Demonstrate the psychomotor (skills) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities.
3. Demonstrate the affective (behavior) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities.

1. Describe the procedures that National Registry uses to test Paramedics.
2. List the subject areas included in the National Registry written test.  
3. Perform an assessment, identify, and treat a trauma victim.
4. Complete oral board medical patient scenarios.
5. Initiate and maintain an advanced airway on an adult mannequin.
6. Identify cardiac rhythms and implement the appropriate treatment during static and dynamic cardiac station.
7. Initiate an IV on a mannequin and administer a medication bolus.
8. Obtain and maintain an advanced airway on a pediatric mannequin.
9. Initiate an Intra Osseous (I.O.) line on a pediatric mannequin.
10. Package for transport a supine and seated simulated patient having cervical and spinal injuries.
11. Identify and treat bleeding, wounds, and shock on a simulated patient.

1. National Registry Overview
   1. Certification requirements
   2. Re-certification
   3. Written exam
   4. Practical exams
   5. Re-testing
2. Trauma Assessment
   1. Scene safety
   2. Transport decision
   3. Treatment
3. Oral Board Medical Assessment
   1. Scene safety
   2. Transport decision
   3. Treatment
4. Ventilatory Management
   1. Endotracheal intubation
   2. Dual lumen intubation
5. Cardiac Management
   1. Static
   2. Dynamic
6. IV and Medication Skills
   1. Establishment of patent IV
   2. Administration of appropriate medication
7. Pediatric Skills
   1. Intra Osseous ( I.O.)
   2. Ventilatory management
8. Random Skills
   1. Supine spinal immobilization
   2. Seated spinal immobilization
   3. Bleeding, wounds and shock

EMT 219 - ALS Foundations

1. Identify the roles and responsibilities of an Emergency Medical Technician.
2. Identify the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) components to include:
   1. Well-being
   2. Illness and injury prevention
   3. Ethics
   4. Medical and legal considerations.
3. Identify the credentialing and regulatory organizations within the industry.
4. Identify the components of initial and continuing education requirements.

1. Describe the role of the ALS professional today as compared to the “ambulance driver” of yesterday.
2. Describe key historical events that influenced the development of National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems.
3. List the EMS provider levels.
4. Identify the benefits of national EMS group involvement.
5. Explain the components of education, both initial and continuing, for ALS professionals.
6. Describe the recognized levels of EMS training and education leading to licensure and certification in Arizona.
7. Describe the attributes of professionalism that are applied to the role of ALS professional.
8. Identify the responsibilities of the ALS professional.
9. Describe the role of the EMS physician in providing medical direction.
10. Identify a system for continually evaluating and improving care.
11. Analyze the role of continuous quality improvement with respect to continuing medical education and research.
12. Identify the three components of wellness.
13. Define Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM).
14. Describe the common needs when dealing with death and dying.
15. Identify ways to prevent disease transmission.
16. Identify and define terms used with epidemiology.
17. Describe the leadership activities of the ALS professional.
18. Identify the legal issues involved in the decision not to transport a patient.
19. Synthesize ethical concepts and apply to different environments.

1. Introduction
   1. Role of the ALS professional today
   2. Professional activities
   3. Roles and responsibilities
2. Current EMS System
   1. Network of coordinated services
   2. Work as a unified whole
   3. Standards of an EMS system
   4. EMS system operation
   5. EMS provider levels
3. National EMS Group Involvement
   1. Development, education, and implementation of EMS
   2. Benefits of involvement
   3. Roles of various EMS standard setting groups
   4. Licensure
   5. Certification
   6. Registration
   7. Education
   8. Professionalism
   9. System Quality: Continuous Improvement
4. Medical Direction
   1. Services provided
   2. Physician extension
   3. Physician authority
   4. Role of the EMS physician
   5. Benefits of medical direction
   6. Interacting with a physician on scene
5. EMS Research
   1. Benefits of research
   2. Basic principles
   3. Conducting research
   4. Examples
   5. EMS providers and their role in data collection
   6. Evaluating and interpreting research
6. Wellness
   1. Components
   2. Implementing lifestyle changes
   3. Enhancing personal wellness
7. Stress
   1. Phases of stress response
   2. Triggers of stress response
   3. Physiological and psychological effects
   4. Causes of stress in EMS
   5. Reactions to stress
   6. Stress management techniques
   7. Critical incident stress management (CISM)
8. Dealing with Death, Dying, Grief and Loss
   1. Patient and family needs
   2. ALS Professional needs
   3. Developmental considerations
9. Preventing Disease Transmission
   1. Terminology
   2. Common sources of exposure
   3. Protection from air/ blood borne pathogens
   4. Periodic risk assessment
   5. Documenting and managing an exposure
10. Resuscitation Issues
    1. Withholding and stopping resuscitation
    2. Advance directives
    3. Potential organ donation
    4. Death in the field
11. Documentation
    1. Importance
    2. Patient care report
    3. Patient’s hospital record
    4. Maintaining appropriate records
12. Ethics Overview
    1. Ethics defined
    2. Answering ethical questions
    3. The need for an out-of-hospital ethical code
    4. Ethical impact on individual practice
    5. Ethical impact on institutional practice
    6. Ethical dilemmas
    7. Ethical tests in healthcare
    8. Ethical issues in contemporary paramedic practice

EMT 221 - ALS Airway and Ventilation

1. Identify the anatomy of the respiratory system at differing ages.
2. Identify the respiratory system physiology at different ages.
3. Demonstrate age specific techniques and procedures in order to establish and/or maintain a patient’s airway.
4. Properly administer respiratory pharmacology for specific conditions and age’s.

1. Explain the roles and responsibilities of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Professional within an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system while establishing and or maintaining a patent airway, ventilation, and providing oxygenation.
2. Identify and explain the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system as it relates to the other levels of body organization, pathophysiology, patient assessment, management, and age-related considerations.
3. List and explain the age-specific indications, contraindications, special considerations, the safe and precise techniques and procedures for opening an airway, suctioning, utilizing basic airway adjuncts, utilizing advanced airway adjuncts, invasive airway and ventilation management, oxygen delivery devices and oxygen therapy, auto-transport ventilators.
4. List and explain the naming of drugs, classifications, sources, regulations, the profiling, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of respiratory drugs.
5. Describe and perform the techniques to safely and precisely gain access for medication administration via the respiratory system.
6. Develop a drug profile for common respiratory emergency drugs and patient-prescribed medications.
7. Formulate a field impression, develop and implement a treatment plan for a patient requiring airway and ventilation management and oxygen therapy.
8. Discuss common trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate your role and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders. 

1. Roles and Responsibilities for Airway and Ventilation Management and Oxygen Therapy
   1. Priorities in managing airway, breathing, and circulation
   2. Scopes of practice and standards of care for the Intermediate EMT
   3. Medical direction, guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
   4. Medical-legal aspects in performing invasive procedures
   5. Safety precautions
2. Anatomy and Physiology
   1. Medical terms (prefixes, suffixes, and common root words) as they relate to the respiratory system
   2. Respiratory system
   3. Pathophysiology and impacts of airway and ventilation compromise on the chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ-systems, and organism levels of body organization
   4. Homeostasis and the compensatory mechanisms involving all levels of body organization
   5. Pediatric respiratory considerations
3. Age Specific Techniques and Procedures
   1. Opening an airway
   2. Suctioning
   3. Utilizing basic airway adjuncts
   4. Utilizing advanced airway adjuncts
   5. Invasive airway and ventilation management
   6. Oxygen delivery devices and oxygen therapy
   7. Auto-transport ventilators
   8. Transtracheal jet insufflation
4. Introduction to Respiratory Pharmacology
   1. Names, classifications, sources, regulations, forms, and the profiling of drugs
   2. Pharmacokinetics
   3. Pharmacodynamics
5. Routes of Medication Administration via the Respiratory System
   1. The “rights” and routes of medication administration
   2. The anatomy, indications and contraindications, preparation, techniques, safety and implementation for drugs administered by:
      1. Nasally
      2. Orally
      3. Metered-dose inhalers and small volume nebulizer
      4. Endotracheal tube
6. Respiratory Drug Profiling
   1. Emergency drug profiles
      1. Name(s) and classification(s)
      2. Dosage forms, packaging, and standard supply
      3. Mechanism(s) of action, distribution, metabolism, elimination and common organ-systems effects
      4. Desired and undesired effects
      5. Indications, contraindications, and adverse reactions for field use
      6. Age-dependent doses and routes of administration
      7. Route and health-dependent onset, half-life, peak, and duration of drug action
      8. Medication preparation
      9. Special considerations
   2. Profiles of patient-prescribed medications
   3. Profiles of homeopathic medications
7. Medication Preparation and Administration
   1. Pharmacology mathematics
   2. Drug administration
8. Integration
   1. Current trends and changes
   2. Demonstration of skills and knowledge competencies

EMT 222 - ALS Patient Assessment and Assessment Based Management

1. Perform an advanced physical assessment on an emergency patient.
2. Perform integrative and on-going exams after treatment modalities have been administered,
3. Communicate the findings to the patient and others health care providers
4. Document the findings and your treatment.

1. Utilize the appropriate techniques to obtain a medical history from a patient, addressing age-specific considerations.
2. Explain the significance of physical exam findings commonly found in emergency situations and address age-specific considerations.
3. Integrate the principles of history taking and techniques of the physical exam to perform a patient assessment on an emergency patient.
4. Apply a process of clinical decision making to use the assessment findings to help form a field impression.
5. Identify an accepted format for the dissemination of patient information in verbal form, over the radio and in person.
6. Document the essential elements of patient assessment, care, and transport, along with special considerations and operations.
7. Demonstrate the ability to integrate your role and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.
8. Properly communicate, prepare for, and respond to an emergency based on the dispatch information.
9. Perform a scene size-up, stage for safety, call for the necessary resources, and gain safe access to the patient(s).
10. Form a generalized impression and make a transport decision based on the initial patient size-up.
11. Utilize assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient suffering from an illness and injury.
12. Communicate and document the assessment and management of a patient suffering from an illness and injury.

1. Patient Assessment Introduction and the Focused History Assessment
   1. The flow of a patient exam and transport decision making
   2. Human growth and development
   3. Therapeutic communications
   4. The scene survey
   5. Obtaining a focused history involving specific age and developmental considerations, as well as utilizing historians, scene evidence, alert devices, documentation and advanced directives
   6. Forming a general field impression and developing and implementing a treatment plan for a patient based on the historical findings
2. The Physical Exam
   1. The initial exam (primary and secondary)
   2. Age-specific initial vital signs
   3. The focused physical exam and secondary vital signs
   4. The on-going physical exam
   5. Medical emphasis in performing the physical exam
   6. Performing the physical exam on a trauma patient
   7. The integrative physical patient exam
3. The Integrative and On-going Exam
   1. Preparatory activities
   2. Integrative history, initial, physical, and on-going exams
   3. Unexpected changes in patient condition
   4. Transport considerations
4. Clinical Decision Making and Formulating a Field Impression
   1. The dispatch
   2. Special scene hazards and operations
   3. Infectious diseases and body-substance isolation
   4. The mechanism of illness/injury
   5. The focused history and physical findings
   6. The medical emergency
   7. The trauma patient
   8. Integration
5. Communications
   1. The patient cycle, chain of survival and the importance of communication
   2. Communications equipment/systems
   3. Emergency medical dispatch
   4. Radio communications techniques, terminology and codes
   5. Biotelemetry
   6. The patient report
   7. Special considerations in communications
   8. Medical-legal considerations
6. Documentation
   1. Purpose
   2. The patient report and format
   3. Attachments, amendments, and transfer
   4. Legal abbreviations, correct spelling, and legibility
   5. Special considerations and scene operations
   6. Medical-legal considerations
7. Integration
   1. Current trends
   2. Changes
8. Demonstration of Skills and Knowledge Competencies
   1. Proper communications
   2. Prepare the proper resources
   3. Prepare age-specific criteria involving anticipated patient care
9. The Scene Size-up
   1. Call for and utilize the proper resources
   2. Approach and safely gain access to the patient with the proper equipment
10. Forming a Generalized Impression
    1. Determine patient stability
    2. Make a transport decision
11. Field Impression and Treatment Implementation
    1. Formulate a field impression
    2. Implement a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury
12. Assessment and Management of Patient Care
    1. Communication
    2. Documentation

EMT 223 - ALS Trauma Emergencies and Systems

1.      Formulate a field impression of a trauma patient.

2.      Implement a field treatment plan for a trauma patient through a systemic approach.

3.      Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with a burn injury.

4.      Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with the isolated/ multi-systems trauma.

5.      Discuss common trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1.      Apply the principles of kinematics to enhance the patient assessment and predict the likelihood of injuries based on the patient’s mechanism of injury.

2.      Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient in shock.

3.      Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with a burn injury.

4.      Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with isolated/multi-systems trauma.

5.      Discuss common trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

I.        Introduction and the Kinematics of Trauma

A.     Definition of trauma and societal impacts

B.     Mechanisms of injury and building on the indices of suspicion

C.     Age-specific and cultural considerations

D.     Mechanisms of illnesses and injuries

E.     Field impressions, treatment plans, communications and transport decisions

F.      Guidelines, protocols, standing orders, and the trauma network

II.       Shock

A.     Overview

B.     Pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization

C.     Stages and signs and symptoms of shock

D.     Shock classifications and assessment and management-specific criteria for the different classifications of shock

E.     Age-specific and cultural considerations

F.      Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the shock patient

G.     Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders

III.      Burn Injuries

A.     Definition, mechanisms, and classifications

B.     Pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization

C.     Assessment and management-specific criteria for the different classifications of burn injuries

D.     Age-specific and cultural considerations

E.     Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the burn patient

F.      Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders

IV.      Isolated and Multi-systems Trauma

A.     Head and facial injuries

B.     Spinal cord injuries

C.     Thoracic trauma

D.     Abdominal-pelvic injuries

E.     Musculo-skeletal trauma

F.      Multi-systems trauma

G.     Medical insult and trauma

H.     Age-specific and cultural considerations

I.       Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the burn patient

J.      Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders

V.      Integration

A.     Current trends and changes

B.     Demonstration of skills and knowledge competencies

EMT 224 - ALS Medical Emergencies

1. Perform a pragmatic approach for a medical patient.
2. Assessment and manage a medical patient through a formulation of a general impression.
3. Determine the patient’s stability.
4. Identify the possibilities of differential diagnoses and treatment plans.

1. Utilize findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with respiratory emergencies.
2. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with cardiovascular emergencies.
3. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with neurological emergencies.
4. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with endocrine emergencies.
5. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with an allergic and or anaphylactic reaction.
6. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with a toxic exposure.
7. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with abdominal-pelvic emergencies.
8. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with environmentally induced or exacerbated emergencies.
9. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with behavioral emergencies.
10. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with gynecological emergencies.
11. Discuss common trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Respiratory Emergencies
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Respiratory pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different respiratory emergencies
   4. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   5. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the patient with respiratory difficulties
   6. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
2. Cardiovascular Emergencies       
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Cardiac, hematological, and vascular pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different cardiac, hematological, and vascular emergencies
   4. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   5. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the patient with cardiovascular emergencies
   6. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
3. Neurological Emergencies
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Neurological pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different neurological emergencies
   4. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   5. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness/injury for the patient with neurological emergencies
   6. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
4. Endocrine Emergencies
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Endocrine pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different endocrine emergencies
   4. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   5. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the patient with endocrine emergencies
   6. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
5. Allergies and Anaphylaxis
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the immune system
   2. Immune system pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for generalized allergies
   4. Assessment and management-specific criteria for anaphylaxis
   5. Assessment and management-specific criteria for sepsis
   6. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   7. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the patient with neurological emergencies
   8. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
6. Toxic Exposures
   1. Toxins, routes of exposures, and societal impacts
   2. Review of anatomy and physiology for immune responses and homeostasis
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for ingested poisons
   4. Assessment and management-specific criteria for inhaled poisons
   5. Assessment and management-specific criteria for injected poisons
   6. Assessment and management-specific criteria for envenomation
   7. Assessment and management-specific criteria for surface-absorbed poisons
   8. Assessment and management-specific criteria for radiation exposures
   9. Classification, identification, safety protocols, and management of hazardous scenes
   10. Assessment and management of patients exposed to hazardous materials
   11. Mass casualty incidents and triage
   12. Weapons of mass destruction and biological weapons
7. Abdominal and Urologic Emergencies
   1. Anatomy and physiology
   2. Pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms throughout the levels of body organization
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different abdominal-pelvic emergencies
   4. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   5. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the patient with abdominal-pelvic emergencies
   6. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
8. Environmental Emergencies
   1. Homeostasis and thermal regulation
   2. Thermal emergencies
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for specific thermal emergencies
   4. Water-related emergencies
   5. Assessment and management-specific criteria for drowning and aspiration emergencies
   6. Electrocution and lightning strikes
   7. Assessment and management-specific criteria for electrocution and triage
   8. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   9. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness/injury for patients suffering from an environmental emergency
   10. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
9. Behavioral Disorders, Crisis Prevention and Intervention
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the nervous system
   2. Pathophysiology
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different behavioral emergencies
   4. Age-specific and cultural considerations
   5. Safety approach, de-escalation, and non-harmful restraint of the acting-out patient
   6. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness/injury for the patient with behavioral emergencies
   7. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
10. Gynecological Emergencies
    1. Anatomy and physiology
    2. Pathophysiology
    3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different gynecological emergencies
    4. Age-specific and cultural considerations
    5. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness/injury for the patient with gynecological emergencies
    6. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
11. Integration
    1. Current trends and changes
    2. Demonstration of skills and knowledge competencies

EMT 225 - ALS Special Medical Considerations

1. Utilize assessment findings to formulate a field impression.
2. Identify the treatment plan for obstetric, neonatal, and pediatric patients.
3. Identify the treatment plan for geriatric patients.
4. Identify the treatment plan for chronic-care patients.

1. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the management of a normal and abnormal labor.
2. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the management of the healthy neonate, premature infant, and the infant in need of resuscitation.
3. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient.
4. Utilize the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the geriatric patient in need of emergent medical or long-term care/assistance.
5. Discuss common trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Obstetrics
   1. Maternal anatomy and physiology
   2. Stages of labor
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for an uncomplicated, natural childbirth
   4. Assessment and management-specific criteria for antepartum emergencies
   5. Assessment and management-specific criteria for postpartum emergencies
   6. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness/injury for the patient with a normal and abnormal pregnancy
   7. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
2. Neonatal Emergencies
   1. Fetal and neonatal anatomy and physiology
   2. Assessment and management-specific criteria for the healthy neonate
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for neonatal resuscitation
   4. Special considerations involving neonatal resuscitation
   5. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the neonate
   6. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
3. Pediatric Emergencies
   1. Stages, behavioral and developmental characteristics, and cultural considerations of human growth and development
   2. Assessment and management considerations of the pediatric patient
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for different respiratory emergencies
   4. Assessment and management-specific criteria for cardiovascular emergencies
   5. Assessment and management-specific criteria for neurological emergencies
   6. Assessment and management-specific criteria for diabetic emergencies
   7. Assessment and management-specific criteria for sepsis and dehydration
   8. Assessment and management-specific criteria for toxic and environmental exposures
   9. Assessment and management-specific criteria for sudden infant death syndrome
   10. Pediatric shock
   11. Pediatric trauma and soft tissue injuries
   12. Children with special health-care needs
   13. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the pediatric patient
   14. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
4. Geriatrics
   1. Anatomy and physiology of aging
   2. Cultural and legal considerations dealing with lifestyles, death and dying
   3. Assessment and management-specific criteria for common geriatric emergencies
   4. Assessment and management-specific criteria for common injuries involving the elderly
   5. Special considerations and complications involving the assessment and management for the elderly and chronic-care patients
   6. Formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanism(s) of illness and injury for the geriatric patient
   7. Guidelines, protocols, and standing orders
5. Integration
   1. Current trends and changes
   2. Demonstration of skills and knowledge competencies

EMT 227LC - ALS Practicum: Clinical Lab-Emergency Room

1. Identify skills appropriate to the scope of practice for the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Professional.
2. Apply skills to patients under medical supervision in accordance with established protocols.
3. Utilize techniques for performing and documenting in the following areas: critical care, emergency, labor and delivery.
4. Utilize techniques for performing and documenting in the pediatrics and specialty unit areas.

1. Demonstrate the cognitive (knowledge) learning domain while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (patient care settings) as well as case based scenario labs.
2. Demonstrate the psychomotor (skills) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (patient care settings) as well as case based scenario labs.
3. Demonstrate the affective (behavior) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (patient care settings) as well as case based scenario labs.
4. Demonstrate the ability to lead and work as a team in a patient care setting.

1. Critical Care Unit
   1. Cardiac Catheter Lab
   2. Newborn Intensive Care
   3. Operating Room
   4. Pediatric Intensive Care
   5. Other intensive care units
2. Emergency Department
   1. Main
   2. Pediatrics
   3. Trauma
   4. Triage
3. Labor and Delivery
   1. Main
   2. Nursery
4. Pediatrics
   1. Unit
   2. Department
5. Specialty Units
   1. Anesthesiology and post anesthesiology
   2. Cardiac telemetry
   3. Emergency Medical Dispatch Center
   4. Psychiatry

EMT 228LC - ALS Practicum: Vehicular Lab-Team Member

1. Identify skills appropriate to the ALS Professional scope of practice in the pre-hospital setting.
2. Apply skills to patients under medical supervision in the pre-hospital setting and in accordance with established protocols.
3. Complete training with teams of qualified personnel on the ambulance, under the supervision of a qualified preceptor.

1. Demonstrate the cognitive (knowledge) learning domain while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (pre-hospital setting) as well as case based scenario labs.
2. Demonstrate the psychomotor (skills) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (pre-hospital setting) as well as case based scenario labs.
3. Demonstrate the affective (behavior) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (pre hospital setting) as well as case based scenario labs.
4. Demonstrate the ability to lead and work as a team in a patient care setting.

1. Ambulance Services
   1. Municipalities
   2. Private sector
   3. Sole provider
2. Fire and Rescue
   1. Behavioral health services
   2. Fire department
   3. Search and rescue
   4. Other rescue services

EMT 230 - Basic ECG Interpretation

1. Interpret basic electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm analysis.
2. Identify related care in a clinical and pre-hospital setting.
3. Identify cardiovascular pharmacology.
4. Identify emergent versus non emergent cardiovascular conditions.

1. Identify and describe the structures of the cardiovascular system.
2. State the causes and effects of heart disease.
3. Identify and describe the heart’s electrical conduction system.
4. Explain and differentiate each of the ECG waveforms.
5. Perform basic ECG rhythm analysis, calculating rate, and rhythm.
6. Correctly apply electrocardiograph leads and monitor.
7. Identify each of the basic dysrhythmia.
8. Explain the relationship between ECG waveforms and complexes and the corresponding hemodynamic response.
9. List the treatment protocols for the patient with the basic dysrhythmia.
10. Identify the medications used in the treatment of a patient with a cardiac emergency according to the most current America Heart Associations (AHA) Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines.
11. List the indications, contraindications, and modes of electronic pacemakers.

1. Cardiovascular Anatomy
   1. Physical characteristics and functions of the heart
   2. Cardiac position and movement
   3. Chambers
2. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
   1. Systole and diastole
   2. Coronary circulation
   3. Vascular system
3. Electrophysiology
   1. Properties of cardiac muscle
   2. Nervous control of the heart
   3. Monitor
   4. Lead systems
   5. Surfaces of the heart
   6. Calculations
4. Rhythm Analysis
   1. Sinus rhythm, arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia, arrest and block
   2. Junctional escape, accelerated and ectopic
   3. Atrial escape, ectopic, tachycardia, flutter and fibrillation
   4. Supraventricular, tachycardia, atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry
   5. Premature atrial complexes with aberrant ventricular conduction
   6. Ventricular escape, ectopic, tachycardia, flutter and fibrillation
   7. Wide-complex tachycardia of uncertain origin
   8. Pulseless electrical activity
   9. Asystole
   10. Electronic pacemakers
   11. Synchronized, unsynchronized cardioversion and automatic defibrillation
5. Causes and Hemodynamic Effects
   1. Sinus rhythm, arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia, arrest, and block
   2. Junctional escape, accelerated, and ectopic
   3. Atrial escape, ectopic, tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation
   4. Supraventricular tachycardia; atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry
   5. Premature atrial complexes with aberrant ventricular conduction
   6. Ventricular escape, ectopic, tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation
   7. Wide-complex tachycardia of uncertain origin
   8. Pulse less electrical activity
   9. Asystole
   10. Electronic pacemakers
   11. Synchronized, unsynchronized cardioversion, and send-automatic defibrillation
6. Patient Interventions
   1. Mechanical
   2. Pharmacological
   3. Electrical

EMT 233 - Basic Cardiac Life Support Instructor

0.75 Credits, 0.75 Contact Hours
.75 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Concepts, techniques, and skills in how to teach the Basic Cardiac Life Support of the Heartsaver First Aid Provider course. Includes basic principles, course management, personnel issues, time and resource management, and remediation.

Information: Provides the challenge portion of the American Heart Association (AHA) online course in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). AHA certificate is required at the beginning of class.

1. Define the disease states and risk factors, which can lead to cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and stroke.
2. Demonstrate the assessment and management of a foreign body airway obstruction in the infant, child and adult patient.
3. Demonstrate the assessment and management of respiratory arrest in the infant, child and adult patient.
4. Demonstrate the assessment and management of cardiac arrest in the infant, child and adult patient.
5. State the philosophy and teaching methods for the American Heart Association.

1. Demonstrate proficiency of skills to include Basic Life Support (BLS) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO), and Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) operation.
2. Demonstrate cognitive knowledge by achieving a minimum score of 90% on the Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) Provider test A or B.
3. Define adult learning.
4. List a minimum of five factors that contribute to long-term retention.
5. Explain the concept of lifelong learning for adults.
6. Discuss the use of learning objectives in (BCLS) courses.
7. State a minimum of three types of adult learning objectives.
8. Cite a minimum of five core objectives of BCLS training.
9. Explain how learning objectives determine learning evaluation.
10. Differentiate types of motivation for the adult learner and participant.
11. Indicate a minimum of three major needs of the adult learner and participant.
12. Evaluate instructor qualities as a Basic Cardiac Life Support Instructor (BCLSI) using the instructor’s self-evaluation checklist.
13. Discuss how changes in science result in changes in BCLS guidelines.

Student lead performance objectives that demonstrate case-based teaching, the BCLSIC will be able to:

1. Describe the educational philosophy behind small group case-based teaching for healthcare professionals.
2. Tell why case-based teaching has advantages over subject-based teaching.
3. Indicate the responsibilities and expectations of the BCLSI.
4. Offer several helpful hints for conducting case-based teaching.
5. Explain the important role of the BCLS Provider Manual as a tool for instructors.
6. Practice general format for instructors and follow in small-group case discussions.
7. Diagram the important prep steps each instructor should review before the course.
8. Examine the role of video presentations in BCLSP courses.
9. Relate the key steps in teaching psychomotor skills.
10. Defend the major evaluation responsibilities of BCLSI.
11. Perform case-based evaluation.
12. Use the annotated exam as a teaching tool.
13. Differentiate between certification and successful completion.
14. Illustrate the goal of remediation in the BCLS course.

1. Prove Proficiency in Skills
   1. Each instructor candidate will be tested at beginning of course in all Health Care Program (HCP) BLS skills and evaluated by Regional Faculty (RF) or Training Center Faculty (TCF).
   2. A written Provider Exam either A or B will be given and each BLSIC will pass with a score of 90% or better.
2. Learning
   1. How to Teach
   2. Learning methods
3. Observation
   1. Lecture
   2. Skills demonstration
   3. Peer skill observation
4. Discussing
   1. Small group practice
   2. Interaction during lecture portion
5. Psychomotor
   1. View video segments
   2. Practicing actual skills in stations
6. Key Skills the BCLSI will guide Provider Candidates to learn
   1. BLS Skills
      1. Adult; pediatric and infant CPR and other related skills
      2. Basic Airway Management including Oralphyaryngeal Airway OPA;NPA; Pocket Mask; Oxygen; Basic Valve Mask (BVM)
      3. Use of AED
      4. Basic airway management
      5. FBAO management skills
         1. Following the Follow ADCDE approach
         2. How to facilitate family presence at resuscitation attempt
         3. ABCD Objectives
      6. Primary ABCD
         1. A-airway
         2. B-breathing
         3. C-circulation
         4. D-defibrillation
   2. Teaching the BCLS Algorithms
      1. Successful teaching approach
      2. Able to move in and out of different algorithms
      3. Support tools
      4. Should have immediate access to them
   3. Teaching environment
      1. Kinder, gentler BCLS
         1. Should not be intimidating atmosphere
         2. Encourage participation
         3. No embarrassment
7. How to Direct Courses
   1. Overview of courses
      1. One day Courses
   2. Pre-course preparation
      1. Setting dates
      2. Pre-course letters out
      3. Gaining instructors
      4. AHA student to teacher ratios
   3. Conducting course
      1. Prerequisites
         1. Must be current active healthcare provider
         2. Course director has final say
         3. Current BLS card
      2. Creativity and flexibility
         1. Required video
         2. Share with others
         3. Post course critique
         4. Use course evaluations to improve
      3. Time management
         1. Select major points to cover thoroughly
         2. Don’t cram all material in if cannot do methodically
         3. Be thoughtful, creative, and flexible
      4. Stations
         1. Use skill stations for practice if lack of experience
         2. Find weakness based on job description-assist here
         3. Use small groups of six or less to one instructor
         4. Present scenarios to review teaching points
         5. Allow for ample practice time
         6. If evaluating:
            1. Should be done during practice also
            2. If demonstrates command of knowledge, no further testing is needed
         7. Use remediation station for those needing it
         8. Must be evaluated on each skill
   4. Post course evaluation
      1. Use it to improve
      2. Do not take personally
      3. Give credence to all comments
      4. Use instructors for feedback
8. Adult Learning
   1. Define adult learning
   2. List a minimum of five factors that contribute to long-term retention
   3. Explain the concept of lifelong learning for adults
   4. Discuss the use of learning objectives in BCLS courses
   5. List a minimum of three types of adult learning objectives
   6. List a minimum of five core objectives of BCLS training
   7. Explain how learning objectives determine learning evaluation
   8. Discuss types of motivation for the adult learner and participant
   9. Discuss the major needs of the adult learner and participant
   10. Evaluate individual qualities as an BCLSI using the instructor’s self-evaluation checklist
   11. Discuss how changes in science result in changes in BCLS guidelines

EMT 242 - ALS Advanced Foundations

1. Define medical terminology.
2. Identify the human body structures.
3. Identify physiology foundations in Paramedicine.
4. Identify pathophysiology foundations in Paramedicine.

1. Discuss cellular adaptation.
2. Describe cellular injury and cellular death.
3. Discuss analyzing disease risk.
4. List types of tissues.
5. Describe the inflammation process.
6. Describe the phases of communications necessary to complete a typical Emergency Medical Services (EMS) event.
7. Identify the general principles regarding the importance of EMS documentation and ways in which documents are used.

1. General Principles
   1. Pathophysiology
   2. ALS applications
2. Basic Cellular Review
   1. Classes of cells
   2. Chief cellular functions
   3. Cellular components
   4. Tissue types
3. Alterations in Cells and Tissues
   1. Cellular adaptation
   2. Cellular injury
   3. Manifestations of cellular injury
   4. Cellular death/ necrosis
4. The Cellular Environment
   1. Aging and distribution of body fluids
   2. Water movement between Intracellular Fluids (ICF) and Extracellular Fluids (ECF)
   3. Water movement between plasma and interstitial fluid
   4. Alterations in water movement
   5. Water balance and the role of electrolytes
   6. Acid-base balances
5. Genetics and Familial Diseases
   1. Factors causing disease
   2. Analyzing disease risk
   3. Combined effects and interaction among risk factors
   4. Common familial disease and associated risk factors
6. Hypo Perfusion
   1. Pathogenesis
   2. Types of Shock
   3. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
   4. Cellular metabolism impairment
7. Self-Defense Mechanisms
   1. Lines of defense
   2. Characteristics of the immune response
   3. Induction of the immune response
   4. Humoral immune response
   5. Cell-mediated immune response
   6. Cellular interactions
   7. Fetal and neonatal immune function
   8. The immune response in elderly
8. Inflammation
   1. Acute inflammatory response
   2. Mast cells
   3. Plasma protein systems
   4. Cellular components of inflammation
   5. Cellular products
   6. Systemic responses of acute inflammation
   7. Chronic inflammation responses
   8. Local inflammation responses
   9. Phases of resolution and repair
   10. Aging and self-defense mechanisms
   11. Immunity and Inflammation Variances

EMT 244 - ALS Advanced Medical Emergencies

1. Recognize medical emergencies related to toxicology, hazardous materials, infectious disease, and hematology.
2. Recognize the effect of poisoning, drug overdose, and transmission of infectious diseases.
3. Demonstrate the ability to mitigate an medical emergency involving toxic substances.
4. Demonstrate appropriate personal protection equipment application needs for toxic emergencies.

1. Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of toxic emergencies.
2. List the most common poisonings by inhalation.
3. Discuss the management of toxic substances.
4. Identify the anatomy of the hematopoietic system.
5. Describe normal red blood cell production, function and destruction.
6. Identify the characteristics of the inflammatory process.
7. Apply public heath principles relevant to infectious and communicable disease.
8. Discuss what constitutes a significant exposure to an infectious agent.
9. Describe the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to infectious and communicable diseases.

1. Toxicology
   1. Types of toxicological emergencies
   2. Use of poison control centers
   3. Routes of absorption
   4. Poisoning by ingestion
   5. Poisoning by inhalation
   6. Poisoning by injection
   7. Poisoning by absorption
   8. Drugs abuse
   9. Alcoholism
   10. Toxic syndromes
   11. Specific toxicology, assessment and management
       1. Cocaine
       2. Marijuana and cannabis compounds
       3. Amphetamines and amphetamine-like drugs
       4. Barbiturates
       5. Sedative-hypnotics
       6. Cyanide
       7. Narcotics and opiates
       8. Cardiac medications
       9. Caustics
       10. Common household poisonings
       11. Drugs abused for sexual purposes/ sexual gratification
       12. Carbon monoxide
       13. Alcohols
       14. Hydrocarbons
       15. Psychiatric medications
       16. Non-prescription pain medications
       17. Theophylline
       18. Metals
       19. Plants and mushrooms
       20. Food poisoning
       21. Bites and stings
2. Hematology
   1. Epidemiology
   2. Anatomy and physiology review
   3. Pathophysiology
   4. Assessment of the hematopoietic system
   5. Focused history
   6. Detailed physical examination
   7. Management
   8. Specific illnesses and injuries
      1. Anemia
      2. Leukemia
      3. Lymphomas
      4. Polycythemia
      5. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
      6. Hemophilia
      7. Sickle cell disease
      8. Multiple myeloma
      9. Integration
3. Public Health Principles Relative to Infectious Diseases
   1. Demographic characteristics
   2. Relationships between populations
   3. Infectious disease cluster
4. Public Health Agencies
   1. Local
   2. State
   3. Private
   4. Federal and national
5. Exposure
   1. Infection
   2. Infectious Agents
   3. Pathogenicity
6. Host Defense Mechanisms
   1. Nonspecific and surface defense mechanisms
   2. Overview of the immune system
   3. Immune system defenses
7. Responsibility Relative to Isolation from Infectious Agent Exposure
   1. Healthcare agency’s exposure plan
   2. Individual responsibilities
   3. ALS Approach: Call with a Suspected Infectious or Communicable Disease
8. Specific Infectious and Communicable Diseases
   1. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
   2. Hepatitis A
   3. Hepatitis B
   4. Hepatitis C
   5. Hepatitis non-ABC
   6. Tuberculosis
   7. Meningococcal meningitis
   8. Pneumonia
   9. Tetanus
   10. Rabies
   11. Viral diseases of childhood
       1. Chicken Pox
       2. Mumps
       3. Rubella
       4. Measles
       5. Pertussis
   12. Other viral diseases
       1. Influenza
       2. Mononucleosis
       3. Herpes simplex virus type 1
   13. Sexually transmitted diseases
       1. Syphilis
       2. Gonorrhea
       3. Chlamydia
       4. Herpes simplex virus type 2
   14. Scabies and Lice
   15. Lyme disease
   16. Gastroenteritis
9. Reporting an Exposure to an Infectious and  Communicable Disease
   1. Definition of exposure
   2. Reporting an exposure
   3. Medical evaluation and follow up
   4. Written opinion and confidentiality
   5. Preventing disease transmission
   6. Medical and legal aspects

EMT 247LC - ALS Advanced Practicum: Clinical Lab-Specialized Care

1. Identify skills appropriate to the ALS professional’s scope of practice.
2. Apply ALS skills to patients under medical supervision in accordance with established protocols.

1. Demonstrate the advanced cognitive (knowledge) learning domain while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (patient care settings) as well as case based scenario labs.
2. Demonstrate the advanced psychomotor (skills) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (patient care settings) as well as case based scenario labs.
3. Demonstrate the advanced affective (behavior) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (patient care settings) as well as case based scenario labs.
4. Demonstrate the ability to lead and work as a team in a patient care setting.

1. Critical Care Unit
   1. Cardiac Catheter Lab
   2. Newborn Intensive Care
   3. Operating Room
   4. Pediatric Intensive Care
   5. Other Intensive Care Units
2. Emergency Department
   1. Main
   2. Pediatrics
      1. Trauma
      2. Triage
3. Labor and Delivery
   1. Main
   2. Nursery
4. Pediatric
   1. Services
5. Specialty Units
   1. Anesthesiology and post anesthesiology
   2. Cardiac telemetry
   3. Dialysis
   4. Emergency medical dispatch center
   5. Phlebotomy
   6. Psychiatry
   7. Respiratory therapy  

EMT 248LC - ALS Advanced Practicum: Vehicular Lab-Team Lead

1. Identify skills appropriate for the ALS scope of practice in the pre-hospital setting.
2. Apply ALS skills to patients under medical supervision in the pre-hospital setting in accordance with established protocols.
3. Complete training with teams of certified ALS Preceptors on the ambulance, under the supervision of Preceptors, as well as nurses and doctors.

1. Demonstrate the advanced cognitive (knowledge) learning domain while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (pre-hospital setting) as well as case based scenario labs.
2. Demonstrate the advanced psychomotor (skills) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (pre-hospital setting) as well as case based scenario labs.
3. Demonstrate the advanced affective (behavior) learning domains while performing all patient care assessments and therapeutic modalities in out of classroom environments (pre hospital setting) as well as case based scenario labs.
4. Demonstrate the ability to lead and work as a team in a patient care setting.

1. Ambulance Services
   1. Municipalities
   2. Private sector
   3. Sole provider
2. Fire and Rescue
   1. Behavioral health services
   2. Fire department
   3. Search and rescue
   4. Other rescue services

EMT 250 - Advanced Cardiac Care

1. Identify pathophysiological principles of the cardiovascular system.
2. Describe the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with cardiovascular disease/injury based on 3-lead and 12-lead cardiac monitoring and interpretation.
3. Define cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.
4. Identify cardiovascular pathologies and management, and adjunctive diagnostics.

1. Identify and explain the importance for each component of the chain of survival, with special focus involving the first 10 minutes of a witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest.
2. Describe cardiovascular disease and injury as well as the importance of basic and advanced cardiac monitoring as integrated in patient assessment and management.
3. Identify and describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system throughout the levels of body organization, including mechanical and electrophysiology.
4. Identify and explain abnormal 3-lead electrocardial tracings as they relate to pathophysiology for rhythms originating from the atria, atrio-ventrical junction, and the ventricles. 
5. Identify and explain abnormal 12-lead electrocardial tracings and axis deviations as they relate to the anatomy and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system.
6. Discuss common pathologies and emergency management of cardiovascular diseases and injuries utilizing electrocardial monitoring.
7. Explain additional diagnostic assessments and tools utilized in confirming cardiovascular emergencies.
8. Explain the importance of proper electrocardial monitoring as it relates to initial and on-going patient assessment, management, and legal documentation.
9. Explain the proper systematic approaches in patient assessment, formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanisms of illness and injury for the patient with cardiovascular and pulmonary compromise utilizing basic skills.
10. Explain the important role and operation of the automated external defibrillator (AED).
11. Differentiate and explain cardioversion, defibrillation, and cardiac pacing.
12. Identify and explain the names, classes, mechanisms, dosing, indications, contraindications, preparations, and administration of common drugs used in cardiovascular and pulmonary emergencies.
13. Explain the proper systematic approaches in patient assessment, formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanisms of illness and injury for the patient with cardiovascular and pulmonary compromise utilizing advanced skills.
14. Discuss current trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Introduction
   1. The chain of survival
   2. Early defibrillation
2. Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiac Monitoring
   1. Incidence and types of disease/injury
   2. Importance of cardiac monitoring and interpretation
3. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology
   1. The vascular system
   2. Myocardial placement, location, and positioning.
   3. Levels of body organization relating to the myocardium
   4. Myocardial circulation
   5. Electrophysiology of the heart
   6. Autonomic nervous system
4. Normal and Abnormal 3-lead Electrocardial Tracings as They Relate to Anatomy and Pathophysiology
   1. Systematic approach to 3-lead electrocardial interpretation
   2. Sinoatrial
   3. Atrial
   4. Atrioventricular junction
   5. Ventricular
   6. Excitation rhythms
   7. Heart blocks
   8. Abnormal wave characteristics and changes
5. 12-lead Placement, Axis Determination, Axis Deviation, and Augmented Lead Placement
   1. Systematic approach to 12-lead electrocardial interpretation
   2. Electrocardial tracings  and axis determination
   3. Electrocardial tracings and axis deviation
   4. Augmented lead placement and electrocardial tracings
6. Cardiovascular Pathologies and Management
   1. Ischemia, injury, infarction (with normal and abnormal electrocardial tracings)
   2. Electrolyte imbalances
   3. Hypertrophy and cardial myopathies
   4. Pericarditis
   5. Trauma
   6. Thermal
   7. Neurological impacts
   8. Blocks and hemi-blocks
   9. Emboli
   10. Artifact
   11. Age-specific variants
   12. Pharmacology
7. Adjunctive Diagnostics
   1. Physical signs and symptoms
   2. Patient medical history
   3. Comparative electrocardial analysis
   4. Blood gasses, metabolic pane, cultures, enzyme, drug levels, and clotting factors.
   5. Radiography, echocardiogram, scanning, and catheterization
8. Special Considerations in Electrocardial Monitoring
   1. Initial 3 and 12 lead electrocardial analysis
   2. Comparative electrocardial analysis from previous tracings
   3. Electrocardial changes before, during, and after patient interventions
   4. Proper patient information and documentation
9. Systematic Approach to Patient assessment and Management Utilizing Basic Skills
   1. Opening an airway and basic adjuncts.
   2. Rescue breathing, ventilation, and oxygen therapy
   3. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
   4. Develop and execute a patient management plan based on field impression
10. The Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
    1. Definition and importance
    2. Operations
    3. Implementation
11. Electrical Management Involving Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Arrhythmias
    1. Cardioversion
    2. Defibrillaiton
    3. Cardiac Pacing
12. Common Drugs Used in the Emergency Management of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Emergencies
    1. Names and classes
    2. Mechanisms
    3. Dosing
    4. Indications and contraindications
    5. Preparations and administration
13. Systematic Approach to Patient Assessment and Management Utilizing Advanced Skills
    1. Advanced airway management, ventilation and oxygen therapy
    2. Vascular access and medication administration
    3. Chemical and electrical cardioversion
    4. Management of cardiac dysrhythmias and arrhythmias
    5. Automated external defibrillator (AED) and Defibrillation
    6. Transcutaneous external pacing
    7. Develop and execute a patient management plan based on field impression
14. Integration
    1. Current trends and changes
    2. Demonstration of knowledge and skills competencies

EMT 251 - Advanced Cardiac Care Refresher

1. Identify pathophysiological principles of the cardiovascular system.
2. Describe the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with cardiovascular disease/injury based on 3-lead and 12-lead cardiac monitoring and interpretation.
3. Define cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.
4. Identify cardiovascular pathologies and management, and adjunctive diagnostics.

1. Identify and explain the importance for each component to the chain of survival, with special focus involving the first 10 minutes of a witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest.
2. Describe cardiovascular disease and injury and the importance of basic and advanced cardiac monitoring as integrated in patient assessment and management.
3. Identify and describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system throughout the levels of body organization, including mechanical and electrophysiology.
4. Identify and explain abnormal 3-lead Electrocardial Graph (ECG) tracings as they relate to pathophysiology for rhythms originating from the atria, atrioventricular junction, and the ventricles. 
5. Differentiate abnormal 12-lead ECG tracings and axis deviations as they relate to the anatomy and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system.
6. Discuss common pathologies and emergency management of cardiovascular diseases/injuries utilizing ECG monitoring.
7. Explain additional diagnostic assessments and tools utilized in confirming cardiovascular emergencies.
8. State the importance of proper ECG monitoring as it relates to initial and on-going patient assessment, management, and legal documentation.
9. Explain the proper systematic approaches in patient assessment, formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanisms of illness/injury for the patient with cardiovascular and pulmonary compromise utilizing basic skills.
10. State the important role of the automated external defibrillator (AED) and AED operations.
11. Differentiate between cardioversion, defibrillation, and cardiac pacing.
12. Identify and explain the names, classes, mechanisms, dosing, indications, contraindications, preparations, and administration of common drugs used in cardiovascular and pulmonary emergencies.
13. Explain the proper systematic approaches in patient assessment, formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanisms of illness and injury for the patient with cardiovascular and pulmonary compromise utilizing advanced skills.
14. Discuss current trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Introduction
   1. The chain of survival
   2. Early defibrillation
2. Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiac Monitoring
   1. Incidence and types of disease and injury
   2. Importance of cardiac monitoring and interpretation
3. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology
   1. The vascular system
   2. Myocardial placement, location, and positioning.
   3. Levels of body organization relating to the myocardium
   4. Myocardial circulation
   5. Electrophysiology of the heart
   6. Autonomic nervous system
4. Normal and Abnormal 3-Lead ECG Tracings as They Relate to Anatomy and Pathophysiology
   1. Systematic approach to 3-lead ECG interpretation
   2. Sinoatrial
   3. Atrial
   4. Atrioventricular junction
      1. Ventricular
      2. Excitation rhythms
   5. Heart blocks
   6. Abnormal wave characteristics and changes
5. 12-Lead Placement, Axis Determination, Axis Deviation, and Augmented Lead Placement
   1. Systematic approach to 12-lead ECG interpretation
   2. ECG tracings and axis determination
   3. ECG tracings and axis deviation
   4. Augmented lead placement and ECG tracings
6. Cardiovascular Pathologies and Management
   1. Ischemia, injury, infarction (with normal and abnormal ECG tracings)
   2. Electrolyte imbalances
   3. Hypertrophy and cardial myopathies
   4. Pericarditis
   5. Trauma
   6. Thermal
   7. Neurological impacts
   8. Blocks and hemi-blocks
   9. Emboli
   10. Artifact
   11. Age-specific variants
   12. Pharmacology
7. Adjunctive Diagnostics
   1. Physical signs and symptoms
   2. Patient medical history
   3. Comparative ECG analysis
   4. Blood gasses: metabolic panel, cultures, enzyme and drug levels, clotting factors
   5. Radiography, echocardiogram, scanning, and or catheterization
8. Special Considerations in ECG Monitoring
   1. Initial 3 and 12 lead ECG analysis
   2. Comparative ECG analysis from previous tracings
   3. ECG changes before, during, and after patient interventions             
   4. Proper patient information and documentation
9. Systematic Approach to Patient Assessment and Management Utilizing Basic Skills
   1. Opening an airway and basic adjuncts.
   2. Rescue breathing, ventilation, and oxygen therapy
   3. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
   4. Develop and execute a patient management plan based on field impression
10. The Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
    1. Definition and importance
    2. Operations
    3. Implementation
11. Electrical Management Involving Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Arrhythmias
    1. Cardioversion
    2. Defibrillation
    3. Cardiac Pacing
12. Common Drugs Used in The Emergency Management of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary    Emergencies
    1. Names and classes
    2. Mechanisms
    3. Dosing
    4. Indications and contraindications
    5. Preparations and administration
13. Systematic Approach to Patient Assessment and Management Utilizing Advanced Skills
    1. Advanced airway management, ventilation and oxygen therapy
    2. Vascular access and medication administration
    3. Chemical and electrical cardioversion
    4. Management of cardiac dysrhythmias and arrhythmias
    5. AED and Defibrillation
    6. Transcutaneous external pacing
    7. Develop and execute a patient management plan based on field impression
14. Integration
    1. Current trends and changes
    2. Demonstration of knowledge and skills competencies

EMT 252 - Pediatric Advanced Life Support

1. Perform a pediatric assessment.
2. Identify techniques for airway management in respiratory emergencies, cardiovascular emergencies, and neonatal emergencies.
3. Identify techniques in managing children with special healthcare needs.
4. Define Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

1. Describe the emergency medical services for children in association with common illnesses and injuries and prevention strategies.
2. Explain the physiological, psychological, and social changes throughout human growth and development with assessment and communication strategies for patients of all ages.
3. State the steps for pre-arrival preparation of a pediatric emergency, the scene size-up, and the assessment flow integrating the patient assessment triangle (PAT).
4. Apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with airway complications and respiratory difficulties.
5. Apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with a cardiovascular emergency.
6. Differentiate and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with common medical emergencies.
7. Describe and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient experiencing a toxic exposure.
8. Synthesize and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for common trauma emergencies involving the pediatric patient.
9. Describe and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the neonate.
10. Review and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for children with special healthcare needs.
11. State and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
12. Explain the Medical-legal considerations in the care for pediatric patients.
13. Demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Introduction
   1. Emergency Medical Services for Children
   2. Injury and illness prevention
   3. The pre-hospital professional’s role in prevention
   4. Children in disasters
2. Human Growth and Development
   1. Responses to illness
   2. Growth and developmental characteristics and age-specific assessment considerations.
3. Pediatric Assessment
   1. Assessment flow chart
   2. Pre-arrival preparation
   3. Scene size-up
   4. Initial assessment
   5. Additional assessment
4. Airway Management and Respiratory Emergencies
   1. Respiratory distress and failure
   2. Evaluating the presenting complaint
   3. General noninvasive treatment
   4. Specific treatment
   5. Management of respiratory failure
   6. The transport decision
   7. Additional assessment
5. Cardiovascular Emergencies
   1. Shock
   2. Hypovolemic shock
   3. Cardiovascular assessment
   4. Distributive shock
   5. Cardiogenic shock
   6. Classifications of shock
   7. Dysrhythmias
   8. Cardiopulmonary arrest
6. Medical Emergencies
   1. Seizures
   2. Altered levels of consciousness
   3. Hyperglycemia
7. Toxic Exposures
   1. Age-related differences
   2. Pre-arrival preparation and scene size-up
   3. Assessment flow
   4. Toxicological management
   5. Role of poison control centers
8. Pediatric Trauma
   1. Fatal injury mechanisms
   2. Unique anatomical features
   3. Mechanisms of injury
   4. Assessment flow
   5. Special airway considerations
   6. Transport decisions
   7. Immobilization and splints
   8. Burns
   9. Multi-casualty incidents
9. Neonatal Management
   1. Immediate care of the neonate
   2. Depressed neonatal resuscitation
   3. Stabilization for transport
10. Children with Special Healthcare Needs
    1. Assessment considerations
    2. Transport considerations
    3. Technology assisted children
11. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Death of a Child
    1. Defining SIDS
    2. Common clinical presentation
    3. Epidemiology and risk factors
    4. Actions in suspected SIDS
    5. Information collection
    6. Potential responses to child and infant death
12. Medical-Legal Considerations
    1. Rationale for protocols, policies, and procedures
    2. Treatment protocols
    3. Pediatric focus on policies and procedures
13. Procedures
    1. Communications
    2. Airway management, ventilation, and oxygen therapy (advanced and basic skills)
    3. Vascular access, fluid resuscitation, and medication administration
    4. Cardiopulmonary management and resuscitation (advanced and basic skills)
    5. Immobilization and splints

EMT 254 - Advanced ECG Interpretation

1. Identify pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression for the patient with cardiovascular disease.
2. Identify cardiovascular injury based on 3-lead and 12-lead cardiac monitoring and interpretation.
3. Implement the treatment plan for the patient with cardiovascular disease/injury based on 3-lead and 12-lead cardiac monitoring and interpretation.
4. Define cardiovascular anatomy and physiology and cardiovascular pathologies.

1. Describe cardiovascular disease and injury and the importance of basic and advanced cardiac monitoring as integrated in patient assessment and management.
2. Identify and describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system throughout the levels of body organization, including mechanical and electrophysiology.
3. Describe medical prefixes, suffixes, common root words, and terminology as they relate to cardiology and electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation.
4. Explain the phases of cardiac depolarization, 3-lead placement, electrical cardiac conduction, and normal (ECG) tracings of the healthy heart.
5. State the proper systematic approach for 3-lead ECG interpretation.
6. Identify and explain abnormal 3-lead ECG tracings as they relate to pathophysiology for rhythms originating from the atria, atrioventricular junction, and the ventricles. 
7. Synthesize and explain proper 12-lead placement and ECG tracings as they relate to the anatomy and physiology of the healthy heart.
8. Differentiate options in 12-lead placement and interpret ECG tracings and axis determination as they relate to the anatomy and pathophysiology of the diseased and injured heart.
9. Explain the proper systematic approach to 12-lead ECG interpretation.
10. Identify and explain abnormal 12-lead ECG tracings and axis deviations as they relate to the anatomy and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system.
11. Discuss common pathologies and emergency management of cardiovascular diseases and injuries utilizing ECG monitoring.
12. Relate additional diagnostic assessments and tools utilized in confirming cardiovascular emergencies.
13. Explain the importance of proper ECG monitoring as it relates to initial and on-going patient assessment, management, and legal documentation.
14. Demonstrate the proper systematic approaches in patient assessment, formulating a field impression and implementing a treatment plan based on the mechanisms of illness and injury for the patient with cardiovascular emergencies utilizing 3-lead and 12-lead interpretation and monitoring.
15. Examine current trends and changes in healthcare, and demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Introduction
   1. Cardiac monitoring for traditional and non-traditional patient emergencies
   2. Importance of basic and advanced cardiac monitoring and interpretation
2. Review of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology
   1. The vascular system
   2. Myocardial placement, location, and positioning.
   3. Levels of body organization relating to the myocardium
   4. Myocardial circulation
   5. Electrophysiology of the heart
   6. Autonomic nervous system
3. Review of Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring
   1. Electrophysiology and waveforms
   2. Leads and electrodes
   3. Standardization
   4. Waveform analysis
   5. Lead systems and heart surfaces
4. Review of Lead Systems and Heart Surfaces
   1. Rate
   2. Systematic approach to 3-lead ECG interpretation
   3. Regularity
   4. Rhythm origin
   5. Atrioventricular characteristics and relationships       
   6. Ectopy
   7. Patient relativity
5. Abnormal 3-Lead ECG Tracings as They Relate to Anatomy and Pathophysiology
   1. Sinoatrial
   2. Atrial
   3. Atrioventricular junction
   4. Ventricular
   5. Excitation rhythms
   6. Heart blocks
   7. Abnormal wave characteristics and changes
6. 12-Lead Placement and Normal ECG Tracings
   1. Standard limb leads
   2. Augmented leads
   3. Precordial vector leads
7. Axis Determination, Axis Deviation, and Augmented Lead Placement
   1. ECG tracings and axis determination
   2. ECG tracings and axis deviation
   3. Augmented lead placement and ECG tracings
8. Systematic Approach to 12-Lead ECG Interpretation
   1. Rate
   2. Regularity
   3. Rhythm origin
   4. Atrioventricular characteristics and relationships       
   5. Ectopy
   6. Axis determination
   7. Patient relativity
9. Abnormal 12-Lead ECG Tracings as They Relate to Anatomy and Pathophysiology
   1. Inferior wall (lateral and posterior)
   2. Anterior wall (i.e., septal, lateral and high lateral)
   3. Posterior wall (right ventricular wall)
   4. Right axis deviation
   5. Left axis deviation
   6. Indeterminate axis
10. Cardiovascular Pathologies and Management
    1. Ischemia, injury, infarction (with normal and abnormal ECG tracings)
    2. Electrolyte imbalances
    3. Hypertrophy and cardial myopathies
    4. Pericarditis
    5. Trauma
    6. Thermal
    7. Neurological impacts
    8. Blocks and hemi-blocks
    9. Emboli
    10. Artifact
    11. Age-specific variants
    12. Pharmacology
11. Adjunctive Diagnostics
    1. Physical signs and symptoms
    2. Patient medical history
    3. Comparative ECG analysis
    4. Blood gasses:  metabolic panel, cultures, enzyme and drug levels, clotting factors
    5. Radiography, echocardiogram, scanning, and or catheterization
12. Special Considerations in ECG Monitoring
    1. Initial 3 and 12 lead ECG analysis
    2. Comparative ECG analysis from previous tracings
    3. ECG changes before, during, and after patient interventions             
    4. Proper patient information and documentation
13. Systematic Approach to Patient Assessment and Management Utilizing ECG Monitoring
    1. The initial examination, focused history, on-going exam and interventions utilizing 3 and 12-lead ECG monitoring.
    2. Apply pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with cardiovascular disease and injury
    3. Formulation of field impression; decisions based on patient assessment and ECG findings
    4. Develop and execute a patient management plan based on field impression
14. Integration
    1. Current trends and changes
    2. Demonstration of knowledge and skills competencies

EMT 255 - Instructional Strategies

1. Define learning theories and characteristics of adult learners.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of differing teaching methodologies.
3. Describe the importance and components of lesson plans.
4. Demonstrate the ability to use effective, cognitive and psychomotor evaluations.

1. Demonstrate the ability to professionally interact with students by applying instructor roles, guidelines for effective team teaching, and attributes of an effective instructor.
2. Explain harassment, elements of an equal opportunity statement, informal and formal grievance procedures, and the elements of a negligence claim.
3. Describe the learning theories and characteristics of adult learners.
4. Specify individual or group attributes that affect learning and describe an adaptive strategy for dealing with those attributes.
5. State how to effectively enhance learning by creating an ideal learning environment through room setup and classroom management.
6. Synthesize and explain how to apply the knowledge of the training design and development process to existing curriculum.
7. Demonstrate the ability to use affective, cognitive, and psychomotor objectives as the basis for content presentation and student evaluation.
8. Demonstrate the ability to use the rules of development for various test items to develop evaluation instrument(s) that effectively measure student achievement of lesson objectives.
9. Differentiate the advantages and disadvantages for each teaching method and determine the appropriate teaching method for a given objective.
10. Select the appropriate media to achieve instructional objectives.
11. Identify and describe the importance of the seven major components of a lesson plan.
12. Incorporate the seven major components of a lesson plan when adapting or creating an individual lesson plan.

1. Introduction
   1. Lesson objectives
   2. Course schedule
   3. Administrative details
   4. Course objectives
   5. Course expectations
2. Instructor Roles and Responsibilities
   1. Introduction to various roles
   2. Problem students and challenging situations
   3. Positive, constructive, and corrective feedback
   4. Team teaching guidelines
   5. Instructor attributes
3. Legal Issues
   1. Harassment
   2. Discrimination
   3. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992 (ADA)
   4. Confidentiality
   5. Negligence
   6. Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA)
4. The Adult Learner
   1. Learning theory
   2. Characteristics of adult learners
   3. Learning styles
   4. Skills for success
5. Creating an Effective Learning Environment
   1. Assess your audience
   2. Assess physical environment
   3. Room setup
   4. Classroom management
6. Objectives
   1. Overview of training design and development
   2. Preparing to teach existing curriculum
   3. Learning objectives
   4. Learning domains
   5. Writing useful objectives
   6. Getting started – determine your lesson objectives
7. Evaluation
   1. Purposes of evaluation
   2. Evaluation instrument development principles
   3. Cognitive test item development
   4. Affective and psychomotor test item development
   5. Getting started – create your evaluation instrument(s)
8. Instructional Strategies and Methods
   1. Parts of instruction
   2. Teaching methods
   3. Getting started – decide on your methods
   4. Communication and presentation skills
   5. Questioning techniques
9. Media
   1. Media selection
   2. Instructional value of media
   3. Principles of design
   4. Teaching aids – prepared and spontaneous
   5. Getting started – create your own teaching aid(s)
10. Lesson Plan Development
    1. Overview
    2. Components
    3. Examples of lesson plans
    4. Getting started – develop your lesson plan

EMT 258 - Pediatric Education for Pre-Hospital Professionals

1. Demonstrate the skills associated with medical and trauma emergencies for the newborn and pediatric patient.
2. Identify the methods of patient assessment for pediatric medical emergencies.
3. Identify the methods of patient assessment for pediatric trauma.
4. Demonstrate management of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN).

1. Describe the emergency medical services for children in association with common illnesses and injuries and prevention strategies.
2. Explain the physiological, psychological, and social changes throughout human growth and development with assessment and communication strategies for patients of all ages.
3. Synthesize and explain the steps for pre-arrival preparation of a pediatric emergency, the scene size-up, and the assessment flow integrating the patient assessment triangle (PAT).
4. Apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with airway complications and respiratory difficulties.
5. State and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with a cardiovascular emergency.
6. Cite and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with common medical emergencies.
7. Describe and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient experiencing a toxic exposure.
8. Explain and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for common trauma emergencies involving the pediatric patient.
9. Identify and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the neonate.
10. Synthesize and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for children with special healthcare needs.
11. Apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
12. Describe and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for child maltreatment.
13. Explain the Medical-legal considerations in the care for pediatric patients.
14. Demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Introduction
   1. Emergency Medical Services for Children
   2. Injury and illness prevention
   3. The pre-hospital professional’s role in prevention
   4. Children in disasters
2. Human Growth and Development
   1. Responses to illness
   2. Growth and developmental characteristics and age-specific assessment considerations
3. Pediatric Assessment
   1. Assessment flow chart
   2. Pre-arrival preparation
   3. Scene size-up
   4. Initial assessment (PAT)
   5. Additional assessment
4. Airway Management and Respiratory Emergencies
   1. Respiratory distress and failure
   2. Evaluating the presenting complaint
   3. General noninvasive treatment
   4. Specific treatment
   5. Management of respiratory failure
   6. The transport decision
   7. Additional assessment
5. Cardiovascular Emergencies
   1. Shock
   2. Hypovolemic shock
   3. Cardiovascular assessment
   4. Distributive shock
   5. Cardiogenic shock
   6. Classifications of shock
   7. Dysrhythmias
   8. Cardiopulmonary arrest
6. Medical Emergencies
   1. Seizures
   2. Altered levels of consciousness
   3. Hyperglycemia
7. Toxic Exposures
   1. Age-related differences
   2. Pre-arrival preparation and scene size-up
   3. Assessment flow
   4. Toxicological management
   5. Role of poison control centers
8. Pediatric Trauma
   1. Fatal injury mechanisms
   2. Unique anatomical features
   3. Mechanisms of injury
   4. Assessment flow
   5. Special airway considerations
   6. Transport decisions
   7. Immobilization and splints
   8. Child safety restraints
   9. Burns
   10. Multi-casualty incidents
9. Emergency Delivery and Neonatal Management
   1. Triage of the patient in labor
   2. Preparation for delivery
   3. Vaginal delivery
   4. Immediate care of the neonate
   5. Depressed neonatal resuscitation
   6. Stabilization for transport
10. Children with Special Healthcare Needs
    1. Assessment considerations
    2. Transport considerations
    3. Technology assisted children
11. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Death of a Child
    1. Defining SIDS
    2. Common clinical presentation
    3. Epidemiology and risk factors
    4. Actions in suspected SIDS
    5. Information collection
    6. Potential responses to child and infant death
12. Child Maltreatment
    1. Background
    2. Defining child maltreatment
    3. Child protective services
    4. Duties of the pre-hospital professional
    5. Communication with the child and caregiver
    6. Medical-legal considerations
13. Medical-Legal Considerations
    1. Rationale for protocols, policies, and procedures
    2. Treatment protocols
    3. Pediatric focus on policies and procedures
14. Procedures
    1. Communications
    2. Airway management, ventilation, and oxygen therapy (advanced and basic skills)
    3. Vascular access, fluid resuscitation, and medication administration
    4. Cardiopulmonary management and resuscitation (advanced and basic skills)
    5. Immobilization and splints

EMT 259 - Pediatric Education for Pre-Hospital Professionals Refresher

1. Demonstrate the skills associated with medical and trauma emergencies for the newborn and pediatric patient.
2. Identify the methods of patient assessment for pediatric medical emergencies.
3. Identify the methods of patient assessment for pediatric trauma.
4. Demonstrate management of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN).

1. Describe the emergency medical services for children in association with common illnesses and injuries and prevention strategies.
2. Explain the physiological, psychological, and social changes throughout human growth and development with assessment and communication strategies for patients of all ages.
3. Synthesize and explain the steps for pre-arrival preparation of a pediatric emergency, the scene size-up, and the assessment flow integrating the patient assessment triangle (PAT).
4. Apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with airway complications and respiratory difficulties.
5. State and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with a cardiovascular emergency.
6. Cite and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient with common medical emergencies.
7. Describe and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the pediatric patient experiencing a toxic exposure.
8. Explain and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for common trauma emergencies involving the pediatric patient.
9. Identify and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the neonate.
10. Synthesize and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for children with special healthcare needs.
11. Apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
12. Describe and apply the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for child maltreatment.
13. Explain the Medical-legal considerations in the care for pediatric patients.
14. Demonstrate the ability to integrate roles and responsibilities by formulating a field impression and implementing simulated patient care following guidelines, protocols, and standing orders.

1. Introduction
   1. Emergency Medical Services for Children
   2. Injury and illness prevention
   3. The pre-hospital professional’s role in prevention
   4. Children in disasters
2. Human Growth and Development
   1. Responses to illness
   2. Growth and developmental characteristics and age-specific assessment considerations.
3. Pediatric Assessment
   1. Assessment flow chart
   2. Pre-arrival preparation
   3. Scene size-up
   4. Initial assessment (PAT)
   5. Additional assessment
4. Airway Management and Respiratory Emergencies
   1. Respiratory distress and failure
   2. Evaluating the presenting complaint
   3. General noninvasive treatment
   4. Specific treatment
   5. Management of respiratory failure
   6. The transport decision
   7. Additional assessment
5. Cardiovascular Emergencies
   1. Shock
   2. Hypovolemic shock
   3. Cardiovascular assessment
   4. Distributive shock
   5. Cardiogenic shock
   6. Classifications of shock
   7. Dysrhythmias
   8. Cardiopulmonary arrest
6. Medical Emergencies
   1. Seizures
   2. Altered levels of consciousness
   3. Hyperglycemia
7. Toxic Exposures
   1. Age-related differences
   2. Pre-arrival preparation and scene size-up
   3. Assessment flow
   4. Toxicological management
   5. Role of poison control centers
8. Pediatric Trauma
   1. Fatal injury mechanisms
   2. Unique anatomical features
   3. Mechanisms of injury
   4. Assessment flow
   5. Special airway considerations
   6. Transport decisions
   7. Immobilization and splints
   8. Child safety restraints
   9. Burns
   10. Multi-casualty incidents
9. Emergency Delivery and Neonatal Management
   1. Triage of the patient in labor
   2. Preparation for delivery
   3. Vaginal delivery
   4. Immediate care of the neonate
   5. Depressed neonatal resuscitation
   6. Stabilization for transport
10. Children with special healthcare needs
    1. Assessment considerations
    2. Transport considerations
    3. Technology assisted children
11. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Death of a Child
    1. Defining SIDS
    2. Common clinical presentation
    3. Epidemiology and risk factors
    4. Actions in suspected SIDS
    5. Information collection
    6. Potential responses to child and infant death
12. Child Maltreatment
    1. Background
    2. Defining child maltreatment
    3. Child protective services
    4. Duties of the pre-hospital professional
    5. Communication with the child and caregiver
    6. Medical-legal considerations
13. Medical-Legal Considerations
    1. Rationale for protocols, policies, and procedures
    2. Treatment protocols
    3. Pediatric focus on policies and procedures
14. Procedures
    1. Communications
    2. Airway management, ventilation, and oxygen therapy (advanced and basic skills)
    3. Vascular access, fluid resuscitation, and medication administration
    4. Cardiopulmonary management and resuscitation (advanced and basic skills)
    5. Immobilization and splints

EMT 295 - ALS Independent Research

1. Conduct an independent applied research project on a current ALS subject.
2. Demonstrate a familiarity with a variety of research methodologies and other sources, including library and Internet.
3. Demonstrate the ability to compose and correctly apply APA style and formatting.
4. Produce a minimum written output of 3,000 words including an applied research paper and other written works.

1. Purpose of Research
   1. Discovery
   2. Interpretation of facts
   3. Professionalism
2. Research Methods
   1. Historical
   2. Descriptive
   3. Evaluative
   4. Experimental
   5. Correlation
3. Research Sources
   1. Library
   2. Internet
4. APA Style
   1. Punctuation
   2. Abbreviations
   3. Citation
   4. Format
5. Development of Research Paper
   1. Abstract
   2. Introduction
   3. Literature review
   4. Discussion
   5. Conclusion
   6. References
6. Written Works
   1. Research paper
   2. Other written works
   3. A minimum total of 3,000 words