PHT 171IN - Pharmaceutical Calculations

1. Use fundamental calculations of fractions, decimals, percentages, ratios, and proportions.
2. Convert between systems of metric, apothecary, and avoirdupois.
3. Interpret prescriptions or medication orders, and perform mathematical calculations and conversions required, correctly.
4. Calculate drug dosages involving oral, parenteral admixtures, pediatric, units and body surface area medications.
5. Reduce or enlarge formulas to meet specific requirements of prescription or medication orders.
6. Perform calculations necessary involving various solutions and alligations.
7. Accurately calculate business math calculations in relation to pharmacy operations.

1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals of Mathematical Calculations
   1. Fractions
   2. Decimals
   3. Percentages
   4. Ratios
   5. Proportions
   6. Roman numerals
3. Units and Measures for the Calculation of Drug Dosages
   1. Apothecary measurements
      1. Fluid measure
      2. Weight measure
      3. Fundamental computations
   2. Avoirdupois measurements (household measures)
      1. Fluid measure
      2. Weight measure
      3. Fundamental computations
   3. Metric measurements
      1. Measure of length
      2. Measure of volume
      3. Measure of weight
      4. Fundamental computations
   4. Equivalents between apothecary, avoirdupois, and metric measurements
      1. Conversion of linear quantities
      2. Conversion of liquid quantities
      3. Conversion of weights
      4. Fundamental computations
4. Interpretation of the Prescription or Medication Order
   1. Definition of prescription
   2. Prescription in the Apothecaries’ system
   3. Prescription in the Metric system
   4. Prescription directions to pharmacist
   5. Prescription directions to patient
   6. Medication orders
   7. Abbreviations commonly used in prescriptions and medication orders
5. Calculation of Drug Dosages
   1. Oral dosages
      1. Dosages involving tablets and capsules
      2. Dosages involving liquids
      3. Dosages involving milliequivalents
   2. Parenteral admixtures
      1. Additives
      2. Hyperalimentation solutions
      3. Therapeutic parenteral nutrition
      4. Rate of flow of intravenous fluids
   3. Pediatric doses
      1. Dosage by weight
      2. Dosage by age
   4. Nomogram for determining body surface area
      1. Adults
      2. Children
   5. Dosage measured in units
      1. Oral medications
      2. Parenteral medications
      3. Insulin
         1. Low-dose
         2. Regular
         3. U-100
6. Reducing and Enlarging Formulas
   1. Formulas that specify amounts of ingredients
   2. Formulas that specify proportional parts
7. Percentage Preparations
   1. Percentage weight-in-volume
   2. Percentage volume-in-volume
   3. Percentage weight-in-weight
   4. Ratio strength
8. Dilution and Concentration
   1. Dilution and concentration of liquids
   2. Stock solutions
   3. Dilution of alcohols
   4. Dilution of acids
   5. Dilution and concentration of solids 
9. Isotonic Solutions
10. Electrolyte Solutions