RAD 181 - Radiographic Positioning III

1. Describe and demonstrate routine radiographic positions for the upper/lower gastrointestinal tract (GI), biliary, and genitourinary systems (GU).
2. Define the role of the radiographer for fluoroscopic procedures, including digital and computerized  radiography set up and post processing of radiographic images.
3. Identify steps taken to ensure patient safety during fluoroscopic procedures taking into consideration age, gender, and culture.
4. Define key types of emergencies as it relates to contrast media such as: vasomotor, vasovagal, contrast media allergic reactions, and acute renal failure and identify the role of a radiographer in these emergencies. 
5. Outline the steps of venipuncture and name the type, dosage, and route of administration for contrast media commonly used to gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary examinations.
6. Discuss the types of pathology as it relates to gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary imaging. 
7. Analyze and evaluate CR/DR images for quality and positioning accuracy.

1. Describe, demonstrate, identify, and critique images for anatomic location, function, anatomy and routine positions of the genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and biliary systems.
2. Manipulate x-ray equipment, set technical factors, and use accessory items in an efficient manner in order to achieve diagnostically acceptable images.
3. Explain the room preparation and purpose of contrast media used in genitourinary procedures, gastrointestinal, and biliary procedures.
4. Describe common pathologic disorders associated with the genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and biliary systems.
5. Differentiate between vasomotor, vasovagal, minor, moderate and severe allergic reactions and acute renal failure in regards to injected contrast media.
6. Perform venipuncture using appropriate standard precautions and techniques in the IV Sim Lab.
7. State the patient’s dietary preparations for the genitourinary, gastrointestinal and biliary procedures.
8. Define and describe the four general classes of body habitus and its effect on positioning for the viscera.
9. Identify anatomic structures on cross sectional images of the abdomen from T-12 thru L-4.
10. Explain the vascular supply to and from the primary visceral structures using the branches of the abdominal aorta and IVC.
11. Elaborate on the venous structures that contribute to the formation of the portal vein.
12. Describe 10 functions and the anatomy on the visceral and dorsal sides of the liver.
13. Successfully understand the medical terminology associated with the genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and biliary systems provided in the syllabus.
14. Describe the difference between the Modified Barium Video Swallow and Esophagography examinations.
15. Identify the anatomy for the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the kidney and nephron.
16. Demonstrate the proper procedure for an IV Drip Infusion Set up used for cystography.
17. Select and identify primary venous structures for contrast media injection.
18. Discuss the clinical indications for performing examinations for the IVU, Esophagography, UGI, Small Bowel, Barium Enema, and OR or Laparoscopic Cholangiography.
19. Explain the contraindications for the use of barium and or iodinated contrast media.

1. Urinary System
   1. Intravenous urograms
   2. Keys Terms/anatomy/pathology
   3. Introduction to sectional anatomy
   4. Cystograms
   5. Voiding cystourethragrams
   6. Retrograde urogram
   7. Image critique
2. Pharmacodynamics of Radiopaque Contrast Media (ROCM)
   1. Key terms
   2. Iodinated vs. non-iodinated
   3. Diagnostic characteristics
   4. Routes and types of ROCM
   5. Screening and informed consent
   6. General adverse reactions
   7. Medical emergencies as it relates to the use of contrast media
   8. Documentation
3. Intravenous (IV) Drug Administration Technique (Venipuncture)
   1. Key terms/anatomy
   2. I.V. equipment
   3. Starting I.V. lines for ROCM administration
   4. Standard precautions
   5. Documentation
4. Digestive System
   1. Key terms/anatomy/pathology
   2. Positioning of the upper/lower gastrointestinal tract
   3. Biphasic vs. single-phase exams
   4. Patient education and preparation
   5. Routine vs. special radiographic projections
   6. Equipment utilization
   7. Radiation safety
   8. Types of contrast media
   9. Image critique
5. Biliary System
   1. Key terms/anatomy/pathology
   2. Operative cholangiogram/laparoscopic cholangiogram
   3. T-Tube cholangiogram
   4. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
   5. Contrast media routes and types
   6. Patient prep and informed consent
   7. Image critique
6. Pathology