Course Descriptions

PHT 170 - Introduction to Pharmacy Technology

1. Discuss the history and structure of pharmacy operations.
2. Describe pharmacy practice settings.
3. Discuss legal and ethical confidentiality aspects of Pharmacy.
4. Discuss the role and necessary skills of pharmacy support personnel.
5. Demonstrate understanding of pharmaceutical payment mechanisms and the third party role.
6. Locate relevant pharmacy websites and reference materials.
7. Knowledge of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards and requirements.

1. Discuss the history and structure of pharmacy operations.
2. Describe pharmacy practice settings.
3. Discuss legal and ethical confidentiality aspects of Pharmacy.
4. Discuss the role of pharmacy support personnel.
5. Describe the job description and necessary skills of pharmacy support personnel.
6. Describe direct patient care delivery systems within the pharmacy environment.
7. Demonstrate understanding of the role of measurements and pharmacy calculations.
8. Identify routes of administration and dosage forms.
9. Identify pharmaceutical-medical terms, abbreviations and symbols commonly used in the prescribing, dispensing and documenting of medications in both institutional and community pharmacies.
10. Demonstrate understanding of pharmaceutical payment mechanisms and the third party role.
11. Demonstrate understanding of wellness promotion and disease prevention concepts, such as, use of health screenings, health practices and environmental factors that impact health; and adverse effects of alcohol, tobacco and legal and illegal drugs.
12. Locate relevant pharmacy websites and reference materials.
13. Express the importance of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards and requirements.
14. Make an informed decision concerning Pharmacy Technology as a career.

1. History and Structure of Pharmacy
2. Pharmacy Practice Settings
3. Legal, Ethical, and Confidentiality Issues in Pharmacy
4. Role of Pharmacy Support Personnel
5. Job Description and Skills of Pharmacy Support Personnel
6. Direct Patient Care Delivery Systems for Pharmacy
7. Basic Pharmaceutical Operations
   1. Compounding
   2. Measuring
   3. Calculations
8. Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration
9. Medical Terminology and Abbreviations in Pharmacy
   1. Common medical roots, prefixes and suffixes
   2. Common symbols
   3. Abbreviations
10. Third Party Payment System
11. Wellness Promotion and Disease Prevention
    1. Health Fairs, Brochures, and Education
12. Drug and Alcohol Effects
    1. Importance of Proper Drinking Levels
    2. Body System Effects
13. Sources of Pharmacy Information: Reference Books, Handbooks, Websites
14. American Society of Health-System Pharmacist (ASHP) Accreditation Standards and Requirements

PHT 171IN - Pharmaceutical Calculations

1. Use fundamental calculations of fractions, decimals, percentages, ratios, and proportions.
2. Convert between systems of metric, apothecary, and avoirdupois.
3. Interpret prescriptions or medication orders, and perform mathematical calculations and conversions required, correctly.
4. Calculate drug dosages involving oral, parenteral admixtures, pediatric, units and body surface area medications.
5. Reduce or enlarge formulas to meet specific requirements of prescription or medication orders.
6. Perform calculations necessary involving various solutions and alligations.
7. Accurately calculate business math calculations in relation to pharmacy operations.

1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals of Mathematical Calculations
   1. Fractions
   2. Decimals
   3. Percentages
   4. Ratios
   5. Proportions
   6. Roman numerals
3. Units and Measures for the Calculation of Drug Dosages
   1. Apothecary measurements
      1. Fluid measure
      2. Weight measure
      3. Fundamental computations
   2. Avoirdupois measurements (household measures)
      1. Fluid measure
      2. Weight measure
      3. Fundamental computations
   3. Metric measurements
      1. Measure of length
      2. Measure of volume
      3. Measure of weight
      4. Fundamental computations
   4. Equivalents between apothecary, avoirdupois, and metric measurements
      1. Conversion of linear quantities
      2. Conversion of liquid quantities
      3. Conversion of weights
      4. Fundamental computations
4. Interpretation of the Prescription or Medication Order
   1. Definition of prescription
   2. Prescription in the Apothecaries’ system
   3. Prescription in the Metric system
   4. Prescription directions to pharmacist
   5. Prescription directions to patient
   6. Medication orders
   7. Abbreviations commonly used in prescriptions and medication orders
5. Calculation of Drug Dosages
   1. Oral dosages
      1. Dosages involving tablets and capsules
      2. Dosages involving liquids
      3. Dosages involving milliequivalents
   2. Parenteral admixtures
      1. Additives
      2. Hyperalimentation solutions
      3. Therapeutic parenteral nutrition
      4. Rate of flow of intravenous fluids
   3. Pediatric doses
      1. Dosage by weight
      2. Dosage by age
   4. Nomogram for determining body surface area
      1. Adults
      2. Children
   5. Dosage measured in units
      1. Oral medications
      2. Parenteral medications
      3. Insulin
         1. Low-dose
         2. Regular
         3. U-100
6. Reducing and Enlarging Formulas
   1. Formulas that specify amounts of ingredients
   2. Formulas that specify proportional parts
7. Percentage Preparations
   1. Percentage weight-in-volume
   2. Percentage volume-in-volume
   3. Percentage weight-in-weight
   4. Ratio strength
8. Dilution and Concentration
   1. Dilution and concentration of liquids
   2. Stock solutions
   3. Dilution of alcohols
   4. Dilution of acids
   5. Dilution and concentration of solids 
9. Isotonic Solutions
10. Electrolyte Solutions

PHT 172 - Drug Therapy I

4 Credits, 4 Contact Hours
4 lecture periods 0 lab periods

Overview of the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS), the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and pharmaceutical therapy. Includes anatomy and physiology of the CNS, neurotransmission and disorders of the CNS, therapeutic applications of drugs affecting the CNS, and characteristics of drugs of the CNS. Also includes anatomy and physiology of the ANS, drug action on ANS neurotransmission, disorders treated with autonomic drugs, and types and characteristics of autonomic drugs.

Prerequisite(s): REA 091  or assessment into REA 112  and WRT 090  or assessment into WRT 101 , and PHT 170  or concurrent enrollment.

1. Identify characteristics of the anatomy and physiology of the Central Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
2. Identify the disorders and disease states of the Central Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
3. Describe nerve impulse transmission in the Central Nervous System.
4. Describe cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmission in the Autonomic Nervous System.
5. Identify drugs needed to treat specific disorders in the Central Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
6. List specific characteristics of each drug, including the following: indications for use; dosage form(s); usual dosage; side effects and toxicity; interaction with other drugs; storage requirements; special preparation procedures; generic/trade names; and mechanism of action.

1. Introduction

II.          Central Nervous System

1. Anatomy and physiology

1. Brain and spinal cord
2. Subcortical brain regions
3. Ascending reticular activating system
4. Limbic system
5. Hypothalamus
6. Medial forebrain bundle
7. Periventricular system
8. Spinal cord

1. Neurotransmission

1. CNS neurons
2. Noradrenergic pathways
3. Dopaminergic pathways
4. Serotonergic pathways
5. Cholinergic pathways
6. GABA-ergic pathways
7. Glycine pathways

1. Disorders

1. Pain disorders
2. Sleep disturbances
3. Sleep-wake disorders
4. Disorders that occur only during sleep
5. Insomnia
6. Seizures
7. Affective disorders
8. Psychoneurosis
9. Organic brain psychosis
10. Schizophrenia
11. Attention deficit disorder
12. Alzheimer’s disease
13. Parkinsonism
14. Infections

1. Therapeutic applications of drugs affecting CNS

1. General anesthetics
2. Local anesthetics
3. Sedatives and hypnotics
4. Anticonvulsant drugs
5. Narcotic analgesics
6. Narcotic analgesic antagonists
7. CNS stimulants
8. Psychotherapeutic drugs
9. Anticonvulsant drugs
10. Antiparkinsonism drugs
11. Anti-infectives

1. Specific characteristics of CNS drugs

1. Indications for use
2. Dosage form(s)
3. Usual dosage
4. Side effects and toxicity
5. Significant drug interactions
6. Storage requirements
7. Special preparation procedures
8. Generic/trade names
9. Mechanisms of action

1. Autonomic Nervous System

1. Anatomy and physiology

1. Parasympathetic division
2. Sympathetic division
3. Characteristics of the ANS

1. Drug action on ANS neurotransmission

1. Cholinergic transmission
2. Acetylcholine receptor
3. Nicotinic acetylcholine recepter
4. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
5. Adrenergic transmission
6. Adrenergic receptor
7. Alpha-adrenergic receptors
8. Beta-adrenergic receptors

1. Disorders treated with autonomic drugs

1. Diseases treated with cholinergic drugs
2. Diseases treated with cholinergic blocking drugs
3. Diseases treated with adrenergic drugs
4. Diseases treated with adrenergic blocking drugs

1. Autonomic drugs

1. Cholinergic drugs
2. Anticholinesterase drugs
3. Muscarinic receptor blocking drugs
4. Drugs blocking nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction
5. Adrenergic drugs
6. Adrenergic blocking drugs
7. Drugs that block adrenergic neurons
8. Drugs that reduce central adrenergic outflow
9. Drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase
10. Drugs that inhibit catecholamine synthesis

1. Specific characteristics of drugs of ANS

1. Indications for use
2. Dosage form(s)
3. Usual dosage
4. Side effects and toxicity
5. Significant drug interactions
6. Storage requirements
7. Special preparation procedures
8. Generic/trade names
9. Mechanisms of action

PHT 175IN - Pharmacy Operations

1. Perform the following functions for processing ambulatory patient prescriptions: correctly type the label; select the proper drug from the dispensing stock; accurately count or measure the product and place in the proper container; complete the necessary records and documents; submit to confirmatory inspection and calculate the charge for the prescription.
2. Compound solutions, suspensions, creams, ointments, suppositories, and troches to physicians’ prescription specifications, demonstrating proper weighing procedures, calculations, drug selection and correct labeling procedures.
3. Repackage and label unit-doses from a bulk supply of drugs and correctly complete all necessary control records.
4. State the precautions and procedures that must be used in handling caustic, poisonous, and flammable substances.
5. Demonstrate proper aseptic technique to assist the pharmacist in the administration of immunizations.
6. Identify proper procedures for assisting the pharmacist in preparing, storing and distributing investigational drug products.
7. Describe the social significance of the computer and ethical issues with computers.
8. Identify the physical components of a computer system.
9. Enter and retrieve data in spreadsheets.
10. Use word processing to compose, file and retrieve documents.
11. Use pharmacy software system to maintain patient profiles and perform pharmacy database functions.

1. List the titles of at least four reference books and of online web sites with relevant data on drugs and stability information.
2. Describe dispensing and record-keeping procedures.
3. Perform the following functions for processing ambulatory patient prescriptions: correctly type the label; select the proper drug from the dispensing stock; accurately count or measure the product and place in the proper container; complete the necessary records and documents; submit to confirmatory inspection and calculate the charge for the prescription.
4. Demonstrate procedure for processing non-sterile dosage forms.
5. State proper procedures for inventory control of medications, equipment and other pharmacy devices.
6. Compound solutions, suspensions, creams, ointments, suppositories, and troches to physicians’ prescription specifications, demonstrating proper weighing procedures, calculations, drug selection and correct labeling procedures.
7. Repackage and label unit-doses from a bulk supply of drugs and correctly complete all necessary control records.
8. State the precautions and procedures that must be used in handling caustic, poisonous, and flammable substances.
9. Demonstrate proper aseptic technique to assist the pharmacist in the administration of immunizations.
10. Explain how to assist the pharmacist in the identification of patients who desire/require counseling to optimize the use of medications, equipment and devices. 
11. Define proper procedures for purchasing pharmaceuticals, and other pharmacy equipment and devices.
12. Identify proper procedures for assisting the pharmacist in preparing, storing and distributing investigational drug products.
13. Describe direct patient care delivery systems in multiple practice settings.
14. Describe the historical evolution and social significance of the computer.
15. Identify the physical components of a computer system.
16. Enter and retrieve data in spreadsheets and databases.
17. Use word processing to compose, file and retrieve documents.
18. Explain the characteristics of a typical database used to support the pharmacy functions of the acute care practice environment and the non-acute care practice environment.
19. Describe the categories of information kept in patient profiles.
20. State proper procedures for inventory control of medications, equipment and other pharmacy devices.
21. Identify the different automated drug dispensing systems within different pharmacy practice settings.

1. Basic Pharmacy References, Equipment and Materials
2. Dispensing and Record-Keeping Procedures
3. Processing Ambulatory Patient Prescriptions
4. Non-Sterile Dosage Forms
5. Inventory Control of Medications, Equipment and Other Pharmacy Devices
   1. Control methods
   2. Physical inventory
   3. Drug storage and stability
6. Large and Small Scale Compounding
   1. Formula enlargement/reduction
   2. Good manufacturing practices
   3. Quality control
   4. Preparation of common dosage forms
   5. Packaging/repackaging
   6. Labeling
7. Repackaging and Labeling Unit-Doses from Bulk Supply
8. Handling Caustic, Poisonous, and Flammable Substances: Precautions and Procedures
9. Assisting the Pharmacist in The Administration of Immunizations: Proper Aseptic Technique
10. Identification of Patients who Desire/Require Counseling Regarding Use of Prescription(s)
11. Purchasing Pharmaceuticals, and Other Pharmacy Equipment and Devices
12. Assisting the Pharmacist in Preparing, Storing and Distributing Investigational Drug Products
13. Direct Patient Care Delivery Systems in Multiple Practice Settings
14. Historical Development of Computers
    1. Social significance of computers
    2. Examples of the computer as a tool in contemporary society
15. Components of a Computer System
    1. Hardware inside a computer case
    2. Peripheral devices, e.g. printers, scanners
    3. Keyboards and other input devices
16. Spreadsheet and Database Use Within a Workplace
    1. Formats for computerized data displays
    2. Accuracy in entering and retrieving data
    3. Basics of spreadsheet and database operations
17. Word Processing Fundamentals Within a Workplace
    1. Functions of a word processor
    2. Keystroke development
    3. Use of the screen as desktop
    4. Composing documents on the computer
    5. Saving and opening files
    6. Correcting errors and moving text
18. Professional Pharmacy Applications in Retail and Hospital Pharmacy
    1. Prescription or medical order processing
    2. Patient profiles
    3. Third party billing
    4. Price updates
    5. Database maintenance
19. Automated Drug Dispensing Systems for Different Pharmacy Practice Settings

PHT 179IN - Sterile Products

1. List five major causes of contamination of an injectable.
2. Demonstrate the proper technique for using a syringe and needle for aseptic withdrawal of the contents of a rubber-capped vial, and a glass ampul.
3. Demonstrate the proper technique for aseptic reconstitution of an antibiotic injection.
4. Describe and demonstrate proper hand washing techniques in a sterile environment.
5. Demonstrate the correct techniques and procedure for preparing parenteral admixtures, including the proper preparation of the label.
6. Identify the major components of laminar-flow hoods and state their functions.
7. Define and describe the following: microbial growth and transmission; origin, pharmacologic effect, and prevention of pyrogens; sterility; heat sterilization; and, cold sterilization.
8. Demonstrate the proper technique for visual inspection of parenteral solutions.
9. Use the internet for email and basic research.
10. Use basic pharmacy software system in pharmacy setting to process prescription and medication orders.

1. Use the internet for email and basic research.
2. Use basic software programs in pharmacy settings.
3. Process a prescription or medication order using software programs.
4. Discuss future directions in electronic data and robotics.

1. History of Sterile Products and Parenteral Therapy
2. Characteristics of Sterile Products
3. Principles of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
4. Laminar Flow Hood Theory
5. Basics of Microbiology
6. Antiseptics and Sterilization
   1. Antiseptics
   2. Dry heat/autoclave
   3. Radiation
   4. Filtration
7. Sterile Products Calculations
8. Introduction to IV Labels and Profile Systems
9. Aseptic Techniques
   1. Introduction to needle and syringe handling
   2. Volume practice/handling vials
   3. Laminar flow hood preparation
   4. Handling glass containers vs. plastic
   5. Handling ampuls
   6. Handling filter needles
   7. Reconstitution of sterile solids
   8. Handling prefilled syringes
   9.     Handling transfer needles
   10. Handling multi-add syringes
10. Total Parenteral Nutrition
11. Incompatibilities
12. Quality Control
13. Computer Networks for Communication and Information
    1. E-mail communications for individuals and groups
    2. Internet and its evolution
    3. Research techniques using the world wide web and search engines
    4. Evaluation of web-based information
14. Professional Pharmacy Applications in Retail and Hospital Pharmacy
    1. Therapeutic drug monitoring
    2. Drug information retrieval and storage
    3. Reports
15. Using Computers for Inventory Control in Pharmacy
16. Future Directions with Electronic Media
17. Specialized Sterile Products
    1. Ophthalmics
    2. Peritoneal didlysates
    3. Radiopharmaceuticals
    4. Allergenic extracts
    5. Handling of antineoplastics
    6. Antimicrobial pharmacology

PHT 181 - Interprofessional Relations in Pharmacy

1. Identify and evaluate personal strengths and weaknesses in the following areas: personal development; assertiveness; conflict resolution; learning styles; and listening skills.
2. Explain and demonstrate positive elements of verbal and non-verbal communication in the following areas: patient interview and assessment; telephone etiquette; empathetic responsiveness; and patient ethnicity.
3. Define five stages of death and dying and describe how to communicate emphathetically with patient.
4. Differentiate between active and passive listening and describe when each skill is most effective.
5. Classify “Patient Personality Types” and relate the standard method of interacting with each type.
6. Identify barriers to communication and illustrate how to overcome them.
7. Explain the concept of “team building” and how it can create harmony in the workplace.
8. Perform mock patient consultation and incorporate skills acquired in this class (this is the program’s “capstone” exercise).

1. Overview of Human Relations
   1. Personality inventory
   2. Personal development
      1. Communication skills
      2. Observation skills
      3. Problem solving
      4. Moral building
      5. Emotions
      6. Social relationships
      7. General
2. Elements of Communication
   1. Interpersonal
   2. Non-verbal
      1. Body movements
      2. Emblems
      3. Illustrators
      4. Affect display
      5. Regulators
      6. Adaptors
   3. Barriers and patient personality types
   4. Listening
      1. Passive vs. active
      2. Empathy
      3. Assessment
   5. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
   6. Interviewing and assessment
      1. Telephone etiquette
      2. Building “helping model”
   7. Building better patient understanding in special situations
      1. Empathy
      2. Death and dying
      3. Ethnicity
      4. Conflict resolution
3. Ethical Patient Care

PHT 182 - Drug Therapy II

1. Identify characteristics of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, circulatory, renal, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and integumentary systems.
2. Identify disorders and disease states of the cardiovascular, circulatory, renal, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and integumentary systems.
3. Identify and list drugs needed to treat specific disorders and disease states of the cardiovascular, circulatory, renal, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and integumentary systems.
4. List characteristics of each drug, including: indications for use; dosage form(s); usual dosage; side effects and toxicity; interaction with other drugs; storage requirements; special preparation procedures; generic/trade name; and mechanisms of action.
5. Practice effective control procedures, including preventing transmission of blood borne and airborne diseases.

1. Introduction
2. Cardiovascular System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the heart and blood vessels
   2. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
      1. Arrhythmias
      2. Congestive heart failure
      3. Coronary artery disease
      4. Hypertension
      5. Infections
   3. Drugs used to treat cardiovascular disease
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs for cardiovascular diseases
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Mechanisms of action
3. Circulatory/Reticuloendothelial System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the circulatory/reticuloendothelial system
      1. Blood
      2. Lymphatic system
      3. Blood-forming organs
   2. Diseases involving the blood elements and clotting mechanisms
      1. Erythrocyte disorders
      2. Leukocyte disorders
      3. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
      4. Hemorrhaghic disorders
      5. Hyperlipoproteinemia
   3. Drugs affecting the circulatory/reticuloendothelial system
      1. Drugs used in the treatment of anemias
      2. Drugs altering blood coagulation
      3. Drugs used to treat hyperlipidemias
      4. Drugs used in the chemotherapy of hematologic malignancies
4. Renal System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the kidney
      1. Blood circuit
      2. Tubular urine circuit
      3. Factors influencing diuresis functions of the kidney
   2. Functions of the kidney
      1. Excretion of waste
      2. Acid-base balance
      3. Water balance
      4. Electrolyte balance
      5. Renin secretion
   3. Diseases treated with diuretic drugs
      1. Edematous conditions
      2. Nonedematous conditions
   4. Disorders treated with uricosuric drugs - gout
   5. Drugs affecting the renal system
      1. Diuretic drugs
      2. Uricosuric drugs
   6. Special aspects of electrolyte patterns seen in diuretic therapy
      1. Hypokalemia
      2. Hyperkalemia
      3. Hyponatremia
      4. Hyperchloremia
   7. Factors involved in the clinical selection of a suitable diuretic drug
   8. Specific characteristics of drugs prescribed for various kidney disorders
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
5. Endocrine System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system
      1. Pituitary gland
      2. Thyroid gland
      3. Parathyroid glands
      4. Adrenal glands
      5. Gonads
      6. Pancreas
   2. Special aspects of endocrine glands
   3. Dysfunction of the endocrine glands
      1. Anterior pituitary gland
      2. Posterior pituitary gland
      3. Thyroid gland
      4. Parathyroid glands
      5. Adrenal glands
      6. Gonads
      7. Pancreas
   4. Drugs affecting the endocrine system
      1. Anterior pituitary hormones
      2. Posterior pituitary preparations
      3. Thyroid gland preparations
      4. Antithyroid drugs
      5. Thyroid parafollicular C cell hormone
      6. Parathyroid gland preparations
      7. Adrenal gland preparations
      8. Sex hormone preparations
      9. Pancreatic preparations
   5. Specific characteristics of drugs of the endocrine system
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
6. Respiratory System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
   2. Disorders of the respiratory system
      1. Allergy
      2. Diseases/disorders of the nose, throat, ear
      3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
      4. Bacterial/viral infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract.
      5. Infectious fungal disease
      6. Pulmonary tumors
   3. Drugs used in respiratory disorders and infections
      1. Antihistamines; Hl receptor blockers
      2. Antibacterial drugs
      3. Antibacterial drugs that affect cell wall synthesis
      4. Antibacterial drugs that affect protein synthesis
      5. Antibacterial drugs that act primarily as antimetabolites
      6. Antimicrobial drugs that alter plasma membrane permeability
   4. Drugs used in lung carcinoma
   5. Specific characteristics of drugs of respiratory system
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
7. Digestive/Gastrointestinal System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the digestive/gastrointestinal system.
      1. Mouth and esophagus
      2. Stomach
      3. Small intestine
      4. Colon
      5. Additional organs vital to digestion
   2. Disorders of the digestive/gastrointestinal system
      1. Disorders of the mouth/salivary glands
      2. Esophageal disorders
      3. Stomach disorders
      4. Intestinal disorders
      5. Liver disorders
      6. Liver disorders
      7. Gallbladder disorders
      8. Pancreatic disorders
   3. Drugs used in the treatment of digestive/gastrointestinal system disorders
      1. Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer
      2. Laxatives
      3. Digestive aids
      4. Antidiarrheals
      5. Miscellaneous gastrointestinal drugs
      6. Antihemorrhoid preparations
      7. Antiemetics
      8. Antibiotics/antiinfectives used in gastrointestinal infections
      9. Antineoplastics
      10. Anthelmintics
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs of the digestive/gastrointestinal tract.
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Side effects and toxicity
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
8. Reproductive/Genitourinary System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive/genitourinary system
      1. Female genital system
      2. Make genital system
      3. Renal/urinary excretion system
   2. Diseases and disorders of the genitourinary system
      1. Venereal infections
      2. Nonvenereal infections
      3. Carcinomas of the female reproductive system
      4. Carcinomas of the male reproductive system
      5. Carcinomas of the urinary bladder
   3. Drugs used in the treatment of genitourinary diseases and infections
      1. Drugs used to treat infections
      2. Drugs that affect uterine musculature
      3. Antineoplastic drugs
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs of the reproductive/genitourinary system
      1. Indications for sue
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
9. Integumentary/Connective Tissue System
   1. Anatomy and physiology of the integumentary/connective tissue system
      1. Connective tissue
      2. Functions of the skin
      3. Sweat glands
      4. Skin appendages
   2. Diseases and disorders of the integumentary/connective tissue system
      1. Skin infections
      2. Skin infestations
      3. Miscellaneous skin disorders
      4. Skin cancers
      5. Disorders of the joints and connective tissues
   3. Drugs used in the treatment of integumentary/connective tissue disorders
      1. Drugs used to treat skin diseases
      2. Drugs used to treat diseases of the joints and connective tissues
   4. Specific characteristics of drugs of the integumentary/connective tissue systems
      1. Indications for use
      2. Dosage form(s)
      3. Usual dosage
      4. Side- effects and toxicity
      5. Significant drug interactions
      6. Storage requirements
      7. Special preparation procedures
      8. Generic/trade names
      9. Mechanisms of action
      10. Excretion of waste
10. Transmission risks healthcare worker to patient & patient to patient
    1. Risks
    2. Hepatitis
    3. HIV
    4. Other
11. Transmission of airborne diseases
    1. Risks
    2. Prevention
    3. Social & respiratory etiquette

PHT 187 - Pharmacy Law and Ethics

1. Discuss the history and development of current pharmacy laws.
2. Describe legal terms associated with pharmacy practice such as rules, regulations and statutes.
3. Differentiate between the roles of a pharmacist and a pharmacy technician in the pharmacy setting.
4. Describe the limitations of the pharmacy technician in the state of Arizona.
5. Describe the legal requirements for ordering and record keeping of controlled substances in the State of Arizona.
6. Summarize the functions and responsibilities of the Arizona State Board of Pharmacy.
7. Describe the patient’s bill of rights.
8. Describe the prescribing and dispensing requirements and restrictions in the state of Arizona.
9. Analyze the selected pharmaceutical acts relating to state and federal regulatory agencies including the differences between criminal and civil law.
10. Describe the legal separation between compounding and manufacturing.
11. Summarize the code of ethics for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.
12. Discuss the process of pharmaceutical ethics, its development and who is ultimately responsible in the pharmacy setting.
13. Describe the process of obtaining the National Pharmacy Technician Certification (PTCB).
14. Describe the process of obtaining both a permanent and trainee license from the Arizona State Board of Pharmacy.
15. Explain the advantages of participating in local, state, national, and other pharmacy technician organizations.

1. History and Development of Current Pharmacy Laws
   1. Developments leading to legislation
   2. Topics dealt with by federal government
   3. Topics dealt with by state governments
   4. Roles of state and federal governments
   5. 20th Century changes
2. Legal Terms Associated with Pharmacy Practice
3. Roles of Pharmacy Personnel
   1. Roles of the pharmacist
   2. Roles of the pharmacy technician
4. Limitations of the Pharmacy Technician
   1. Permissible activities
   2. Non-permissible
5. Ordering and Record Keeping of Controlled Substances
   1. Who may place orders
   2. Records kept by the pharmacy
   3. Records kept by an institution (hospital, nursing home, clinic etc.)
   4. Records kept by a practitioner
6. Arizona State Board of Pharmacy
   1. Functions
   2. Licensing for pharmacy technicians to include both PTCB certification as well as both the permanent and the trainee licenses
7. Patient’s Bill of Rights
8. Prescribing and Dispensing Requirements and Restrictions in the State of Arizona
   1. Who may prescribe?
   2. DEA numbers for prescribes
   3. Purpose of the prescription
   4. Addiction treatment restrictions
   5. Requirements and restrictions for the prescription form
   6. Labeling requirements and exemptions
   7. Dispensing controlled substances
   8. Mailing controlled substances
   9. Transferring of prescriptions and refills between pharmacies
   10. Early misbranding of medications
   11. Sophistication and complexity of new drugs
   12. Habit forming and dangerous drugs
9. State and Federal Regulatory Acts & Agencies
   1. Federal regulatory agencies
      1. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
      2. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
10. B            State regulatory agencies
    1. Arizona State Board of Pharmacy
    2. Hospital and Long Term Care Facilities
11. Institutional Regulation
    1. Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee
    2. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organization (JCAHO)
12. State and Federal Regulatory Pharmacy Acts
    1. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
    2. Orphan Drug Act
    3. Controlled Substances Act
    4. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
    5. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
    6. Federal Hazardous Substances Act.
13. Separation between Compounding and Manufacturing
    1. Descriptions of compounding and manufacturing
    2. Legal issues
14. Ethical Considerations in the Pharmacy Setting
    1. Code of ethics for pharmacists and technicians
    2. Development of pharmaceutical ethics (background and progression)
    3. Patient counseling
    4. Ethical responsibility
15. Pharmacy Organizations: Local, State, National, Other

PHT 190LB - Pharmacy Technician Internship

1. Perform all of the duties of a pharmacy technician assigned to: the sterile products pharmacy area; the outpatient pharmacy area; and the inpatient pharmacy area.

1. Under the supervision of the pharmacist, the intern will perform all the duties of a pharmacy technician regularly assigned to the inpatient pharmacy area. The intern will perform each of the following, as it relates to the specific internship site:
   1. Understand and conform with all policies and procedures relating to the medication distribution to inpatients
   2. Maintain patient medication profiles
      1. Process admissions and discharges
      2. Transcribe/input medication chart orders
      3. Process re-types
   3. Fill the unit dose cassettes or cubicles with the correct medications and supplies
   4. Deliver medications or medication carts if necessary
   5. Prepare medication for ward stock distribution
   6. Maintain emergency boxes or kits
   7. Assist the pharmacist in the distribution of controlled or restricted drugs
   8. Extemporaneously repackage medications into unit dose form, label them, and maintain the necessary control records
   9. Perform inventory control functions, including drug ordering, check-in, stocking, and processing returns
   10. Participate in quality assurance projects, including ward inspections, drug recalls, and drug defect reporting
   11. Maintain necessary inpatient pharmacy records
   12. Handle interpersonal communications with other health care personnel as appropriate
   13. Perform necessary billing procedures
   14. Maintain the inpatient pharmacy area in a clean and orderly manner
2. Under the supervision of the pharmacist, the intern will perform all the duties of a pharmacy technician regularly assigned to the outpatient pharmacy area. The intern will perform each of the following as it relates to the specific internship site
   1. Understand and conform with all policies and procedures relating to outpatient pharmacy services
   2. Maintain patient medication profiles
      1. Initiate profiles for new patients
      2. Update profiles as additional prescriptions are filled
   3. Participate in the drug distribution process
      1. Handle incoming prescriptions
      2. Prepare primary prescription labels and any necessary auxiliary labels
      3. Price prescriptions
      4. Assist the pharmacist in medication preparation
      5. Process prescription refills
      6. Process over-the-counter drug orders
      7. Assist the pharmacist in the distribution of controlled/restricted drugs
   4. Perform any necessary recordkeeping functions
      1. Prescription document filing and retrieval
      2. Controlled/restricted drug records
   5. Perform inventory control functions, including drug ordering, check-in, stocking and processing returns
   6. Participate in quality assurance projects, including ward inspections, drug recalls, and drug defect reporting
   7. Handle interpersonal communications with other healthcare personnel as appropriate
   8. Perform necessary billing functions, including third-party billing
   9. Maintain the outpatient pharmacy area in a clean and orderly manner
3. Under the supervision of the pharmacist, the intern will perform all the duties of a pharmacy technician regularly assigned to the sterile products pharmacy area. The intern will perform each of the following, as it relates to the specific internship site
   1. Understand and conform with all policies and procedures which relate to sterile products services
   2. Maintain the IV patient profile
      1. Process admissions and discharges
      2. Transcribe or input medication chart orders
      3. Process retypes
   3. Process labels for all types of sterile products, including necessary auxiliary labels
   4. Properly clean and set up the laminar flow hood for sterile products preparation
   5. Perform necessary calculations for solution preparation
   6. Properly scrub and gown before preparing any sterile product
   7. Aseptically prepare large volume parenterals, intravenous piggybacks, total parenteral nutrition solutions, prefilled syringes, peritoneal dialysates, allergenic extracts, antineoplastic agents, or any other sterile products normally prepared by pharmacy technicians; reconstitute, filter, and package sterile medications as appropriate
   8. Perform inventory control functions, including drug ordering, check-in, stocking and processing returns
   9. Participate in quality assurance projects, including detection of microbial contamination, drug recalls, and drug defect reporting
   10. Maintain sterile products records as necessary
   11. Handle interpersonal communications with other healthcare personnel as appropriate
   12. Perform necessary billing procedures
   13. Maintain the sterile products pharmacy area in a clean and orderly manner

PHT 197 - Clinical Seminar

1. Identify the format and major components of a personal inventory.
2. Complete a resume based on the personal inventory.
3. Analyze and interpret interview techniques necessary for successful job placement.
4. Demonstrate methodology involved in gathering information and producing a research report.
5. Review and prepare for Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam.

1. Format and Components of a Personal Inventory
   1. Personal direction
   2. Personal skills
2. Resume Writing
3. Interview Techniques
4. Research Reports
5. Publishing Technical Papers
6. Comprehensive Review for Pharmacy Technician Certification Examination
   1. Mathematics
   2. Pharmacology
   3. Sterile products
   4. Law
   5. Pharmacy operations
      1. Retail
   6. Hospital
   7. Terminology
   8. Management
   9. Computers
7. Other Topics and Discussions as Determined by the Instructor and Class