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RAD 171 - Radiographic Positioning I

1. Discuss general procedural considerations for radiographic examinations to include assessment and proper documentation of exam and patient identification.
2. Evaluate images for accurate positioning, centering, appropriate anatomy, pertinent pathology, and image quality as it relates to computerized and digital radiography.

1. Demonstrate the centering point (CP), central ray (CR), body part position, image size, respiration, distance, and shielding for all 79 exam projections on a phantom and or student.
2. Discuss general procedural considerations for radiographic examinations to include assessment and proper documentation of exam and patient identification.
3. Adapt radiographic procedures based on special considerations.
4. Evaluate images for accurate positioning, centering, appropriate anatomy, and overall image quality.
5. Explain radiographic procedures to a fellow student in a simulation exercise.
6. Apply general radiation safety and protection practices associated with radiologic examinations.
7. Identify specific anatomy of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvis, chest and abdomen on a radiograph.
8. Describe the criteria or means of evaluating the radiograph for accurate anteroposterior (AP), oblique, and lateral positions.
9. Discriminate between acceptable and unacceptable radiographs for collimation, exposure factors, and positioning errors.
10. Identify alternative techniques used to radiograph age specific groups and trauma and disabled patients.
11. Identify type of joints for upper, lower extremities, and shoulder girdle.
12. Discuss the role pathology plays in positioning and technique development. 

1. Standard Terms
   1. Radiographic positions/projections/views
   2. Positioning terms
   3. General planes
   4. Terminology of movement and direction
   5. Positioning aids/protective devices
   6. Accessory equipment
2. General Considerations
   1. Evaluation of radiographic orders
   2. Clinical history and patient assessment
   3. Patient preparation and education
   4. Room preparation
   5. Patient assistance
   6. Patient monitoring
   7. Image evaluation
   8. Patient dismissal
3. Positioning Considerations for Routine and Special Radiographic Procedures
   1. Patient instructions
   2. Part positioning
   3. Image receptor selection and placement
   4. Beam alignment and angulations
   5. Beam limitations and shielding
   6. Special considerations
4. Radiographic Positions of the Upper Extremities
   1. Fingers
   2. Thumb
   3. Hand
   4. Wrist
   5. Forearm
   6. Elbow
   7. Humerus
   8. Radiograph technique development
   9. Radiation protection
   10. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   11. Image critique and analysis
5. Radiographic Positions of the Shoulder Girdle
   1. Shoulder
   2. Scapula
   3. Acromioclavicular (A.C.) joints
   4. Clavicle
   5. Radiograph technique development
   6. Radiation protection
   7. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   8. Image critique and analysis
6. Radiographic Positions of the Lower Extremities
   1. Toes
   2. Foot
   3. Calcaneus
   4. Ankle
   5. Tibia and fibula
   6. Knee
   7. Femur
   8. Femur proximal routine and trauma x 4 views
   9. Leg lengths
   10. Radiograph technique development
   11. Radiation protection
   12. Identification of pertinent anatomy and pathology
   13. Image critique and analysis

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