ENG 219 - Fluid Mechanics

1. Explain the fundamental concepts and terminology in fluid mechanics such as: continuum assumption, velocity and stress fields, viscosity, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
2. Describe a fluid flow situation using timelines, pathlines, streamlines, streaklines, and important dimensionless numbers such the Reynolds number and the Froude number, including classification of flow fields as inviscid/viscous, laminar/turbulent, internal/external, incompressible/compressible.
3. Apply equations of fluid mechanics to the special case of static situations and/or rigid body motion, to fluid flow situations using a differential approach which includes applying Bernoulli and Euler’s equations for an incompressible inviscid flow field, and to open flow situations using control volume analysis.

1. Describe the fundamental concepts and definitions of fluid mechanics: continuum, velocity and stress fields, viscosity, Newtonian, and Non-Newtonian fluids.
2. Provide flows representation using timelines, pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines.
3. Classify flows (inviscid/viscous, laminar/turbulent, internal/external, incompressible/compressible).
4. Apply basic equation of fluid statics.
5. Apply Archimedes’ principle of buoyancy.
6. Explain the relationship between gage and absolute pressures and pressure measurement with manometers and barometers.
7. Analyze hydrostatic force on submerged surfaces.
8. Discuss the Reynolds Transport Theorem for relating system formations to control volume formations.
9. Analyze continuity and momentum equations in integral form.
10. Analyze continuity and momentum equations in differential form.
11. Apply the equations of continuity and momentum for solving flow problems in practice.
12. Determine the total, local, and convective accelerations of a fluid particle from the velocity field.
13. Determine stream function for two-dimensional incompressible flow.
14. Illustrate translation, rotation, and deformation (linear and angular) of fluid particle.
15. Apply Euler’s equations for incompressible inviscid flow.
16. Apply Bernoulli equation for incompressible inviscid flow.
17. Define static, stagnation, and dynamic pressures and their measurements.
18. Apply dimensional analysis for a steady incompressible flow.
19. Define important dimensionless numbers: Re, Eu, Fr, and M and describe their physical significances.
20. Analyze laminar flow between parallel plates and in pipes and obtain analytical velocity distributions.
21. Compute the flow rate, the wall shear stress, and distribution.
22. Analyze turbulent flow in pipes and ducts using semi-empirical theories and experimental data.
23. Analyze and compute head losses in pipes and ducts.
24. Measure flow with various devices: restriction devices, linear flow meters, etc.
25. Compare the boundary-layer concept and boundary-layer thicknesses: displacement thickness, disturbance thickness, and momentum thickness.
26. Compute boundary-layer thickness using the momentum integral equation and analyze the effects of pressure gradients on boundary-layer flow.
27. Estimate lift and drag for common body shapes from published data.
28. Apply appropriate equations to analyze open-channel flow with uniform depth.

1. Introduction
   1. The concept of a fluid
   2. Scope of fluid mechanics
   3. Methods of analysis
   4. Dimensions and units
2. Fundamental Concepts
   1. Fluid as a continuum
   2. Velocity and stress fields
   3. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
   4. Viscous and inviscid flows
   5. Laminar and turbulent flows
   6. Compressible and incompressible flows
   7. Internal and external flows
3. Fluid Statics
   1. Basic equation of fluid statics
   2. Pressure variation in a static fluid
   3. Pressure measurements
   4. Hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces
   5. Buoyancy and stability
4. Basic Equations for a Control Volume
   1. Basic laws for a system
   2. Reynolds transport theorem
   3. Continuity equation in integral form
   4. Momentum equation in integral form
   5. Momentum equation with acceleration
   6. The first law of thermodynamics
   7. The second law of thermodynamics
5. Fluids in Motion
   1. Velocity and flow visualization
   2. Conservation of mass
   3. Fluid translation, rotation, and deformation
   4. Motion of a fluid particle
   5. Momentum equation
6. Incompressible Inviscid Flow
   1. The momentum equation for frictionless flow: Euler’s equation
   2. Bernoulli equation
   3. Bernoulli equation interpreted as an energy equation
   4. Energy grade line and hydraulic grade line
7. Dimensional Analysis
   1. Nondimensionalizing the basic equations
   2. Buckingham pi theorem
   3. Significant dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics
   4. Flow similarity
8. Flow in Pipes and Ducts
   1. Laminar flow between parallel plates
   2. Laminar flow in pipes
   3. Head losses in pipe flow
   4. Solution of pipe flow problems
   5. Methods of flow measurement
9. Boundary Layers
   1. Boundary layer concept
   2. Boundary layer thicknesses
   3. Momentum integral equation for boundary layer flow
   4. Pressure gradients in boundary layer flow