BIO 202IN - Human Anatomy and Physiology II [SUN# BIO 2202]

1. Identify anatomical structures of organ systems.
2. Describe physiological functions of organ systems.
3. Evaluate the effect of homeostatic mechanisms on organ systems using observations of biomedical data.

1. Describe the importance of homeostasis and the mechanisms involved in maintaining normal physiological limits.
2. Identify the structures of the endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic and immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
3. Describe the functions of the cells and organs of the endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic and immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
4. Discuss components of nutrition and physiological processes related to metabolic homeostasis. 
5. Discuss energy balance and thermoregulation.
6. Describe fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance.
7. Describe the formation of the embryonic germ layers, and the fates of each layer with respect to the development of the endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems.
8. Critically examine assumptions about how organs and organ systems function and the implications of these assumptions for individuals and society.

1. The Endocrine System
   1. Comparison of nervous and endocrine systems
   2. Control of endocrine system function
      1. Neural control
      2. Positive/negative feedback mechanisms
   3. Endocrine glands and their functions
   4. Hormones, their target tissues and effects
   5. Receptors
   6. Homeostasis and disease
   7. Stress and the general adaptation syndrome
2. The Cardiovascular System: The Blood
   1. Functions of blood
   2. Physical characteristics and components
   3. Formation of blood cells
   4. Hemostasis
   5. Grouping (typing) of blood
   6. Homeostasis and disease
3. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
   1. Location and size of the heart
   2. Pericardium
   3. Layers of the myocardium
   4. Chambers and valves of the heart
   5. Circulation through the heart
   6. Blood supply of the heart
   7. Conduction system
   8. Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction
   9. Cardiac cycle
   10. Cardiac output
   11. Homeostasis and disease
4. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics
   1. Anatomy of blood vessels
   2. Hemodynamics: physiology of circulation
   3. Control, blood pressure and blood flow
   4. Shock and homeostasis
   5. Systemic circulation
   6. Pulmonary circulation
   7. Homeostasis and disease
5. The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
   1. Lymphatic system
      1. Formation of lymph
      2. Lymphatic cells
      3. Lymphatic tissue
      4. Lymphatic vessels
   2. The immune system
      1. Nonspecific resistance to disease
         1. Physical barriers to disease
         2. Chemical barriers to disease
         3. Cellular barriers to disease
      2. Immunity (specific resistance to disease)
         1. Humoral immunity
         2. Cell mediated immunity
   3. Homeostasis and disease
6. The Respiratory System
   1. Anatomy of the respiratory system
   2. Mechanics of respiration
   3. Physiology of respiration
   4. Control of respiration
   5. Homeostasis and disease
7. The Digestive System
   1. Organs and accessory organs of digestion
   2. General histology of GI tract
   3. The physiology of digestion and absorption
   4. Control of digestion
   5. Homeostasis and disease
8. Metabolism
   1. General nutrition
   2. Lipid, carbohydrate and protein catabolism and anabolism
   3. Energy balance
   4. Thermoregulation
   5. Homeostasis and disease
9. The Urinary System
   1. Anatomy of the urinary system
   2. Physiology of urine formation and elimination
   3. Producing dilute and concentrated urine
   4. Components of urine
   5. Homeostasis and disease
10. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
    1. Fluid compartments and fluid balance
    2. Electrolytes
    3. Acid-base balance
    4. Control of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
    5. Homeostasis and disease
11. The Reproductive Systems
    1. Male reproductive system
    2. Female reproductive system
    3. Female reproductive cycle
    4. Physiology of sexual intercourse
    5. Birth control
    6. Homeostasis and disease
12. Development/Embryonic Germ Layers